英语学习者若想在写作考试中获得好成绩，平常对写作的练习不只要持之以恒，而且还要学会一些写作方法，如此才能在考试中以不变应万变。
依据笔者多年的教学经验与对学生试题的抽样剖析，学生的习作中主要存在下列问题：
1.审题不清，常常出现偏题或跑题的现象。
2.习惯汉语思维，逐字翻译。
3.用词搭配不当，“张冠李戴”。
4.词语量小，词不达意，拼写错误紧急。
5.句子逻辑关系混乱。
6.不擅长用关联词，句子之间的连贯性较差。
具体而言，学生习作中容易见到的错误有：
指代方面的错误
在用代词it，he，this，that，which，one等时，前文中应出现明确的先行词。如：“since we cannot know what particular bit of knowledge a child will need in the future，it is senseless to force him to learn it。”，这句话中，him和it这两个代词都有明确的先行词，分别是a child和knowledge，因此句子的意思很了解。可是，不少学生在用这类代词时，虽然自己非常了解它们指代的是什么，但在作文中却没交代了解，结果这类代词非但没使行文简洁，反而导致了意思上的模糊，让阅卷老师不知所云。
sometimes teachers will inform students of the heavy burden they have to bear。
sometimes the teacher will inform students of the heavy burden he has to bear。
【说明】句1中的they既可指教师，也可指学生，属指代不清的。可以把它们中的任意一个改成单数名词。由于单数名词也可以泛指一类。
修饰方面的错误
修饰语应紧靠被修饰的成分，并和它形成正确的逻辑关系。假如修饰语的地方不妥当，就会造出模棱两可的病句。
to keep the air clean，we must move the factories which give off poisonous gases to the countryside。
to keep the air clean，we must move the factories to the countryside if they give off poisonous gases。
【说明】句1要表达的是把有害气体排放到农村，还是把工厂迁到农村去？显然修饰语to the countryside的地方放错了。如句2改变一下结构，就能了解地表达要表达的意思了。
一致方面的错误
在一个句子内部或紧邻的两三个句子之间，要维持时态、人称、数等的一致。
whether one enjoys or resents adverti百度竞价推广ents，we are actually bombarded with it every hour of the day。
whether we enjoy or resent adverti百度竞价推广ents，we are actually bombarded with them every hour of the day。
【说明】代词应与所指代的先行词维持人称和数上的一致。句1也可改成whether one enjoys or resents the adverti百度竞价推广ent, he is actually bombarded with it every hour of the day。
平行结构方面的错误
这里专指语态、比较级、非谓语形式、冠词使用方法、可数名词和不可数名词、不定代词单复数与时态等错误。
1.a。narrow streets easily cause to happen many traffic accidents。
narrow streets easily cause many traffic accidents。
b。a great change has been taken place since then。
a great change has taken place since then。
c。but it may occur some new problems。
but some new problems may occur/arise。
d。opportunities are only belonged to those who work hard。
opportunities only belong to those who work hard。
【说明】happen，take place，occur，arise等动词和动词词组一般既不可以用作被动结构，也不可以作为及物动词带宾语的。但学生作文中类似的错误较多：our country has taken place a great change in many fields。
2.the pace of our modern life is getting more faster and faster。
the pace of our modern life is getting faster and faster。
electricity is the most important power in our daily life than other kinds of power。
electricity is the most important power in our daily life。thus our city will be greatly beautiful than it is now。
thus our city will be far more beautiful than it is now。
【说明】这类都是在用比较形式时出现的错误。特别是第1例较常见。如more easier，more stronger等。
断句方面的错误
一句句子没结束，又开始新的一句，结果导致句子结构不全，这就成为断句。
tv becomes an important part in our daily life. because we cannot live without it。
tv becomes an important part in our daily life，because we cannot live without it。
【说明】以because，since，if等引导的从句是不可以独立成句的，只能依是主句，所以不可以写成另一句。
连词方面的错误
作文中缺少必要的连词，或错用连词的现象也比较常见。
one should improve his english，one should overcome difficulties in studies。
if one wants to improve his english，he should overcome difficulties in studies。
【说明】学生在写作中总是意识不到连词的要紧，不擅长用连词和连接副词来明确标示出因果关系、转折关系、递进关系等。
搭配方面的错误
学生作文中用词搭配方面的错误也占有较大比率。记得在一次六级作文阅卷中，近千篇作文在表达“上海交通愈加拥挤”这个意思时，几乎没一篇用heavier，大部分人用的是the traffic in shanghai is getting more and more crowded，而traffic是不可以与crowded搭配的。
1.however the speed of a car is much faster than that of a bicycle。
however the speed of a car is much higher than that of a bicycle。
【说明】speed只能和high，low，good，TOP，normal，fantastic，moderate，surprising等搭配，不可以与fast，quick，slow搭配。但可以如此说a car is much faster in speed than a bicycle。
2.in the past the price of milk was so expensive that most families could not afford it。
in the past the price of milk was so high that most families couldn’t afford it。
【说明】price只和high，low，inflated，moderate，minimum，original，popular，prevailing，published，reduced，reasonable等搭配，不可以与expensive，cheap搭配，但可以说in the past，milk was so expensive that most families couldn’t afford it。
这样来看，要提升对词汇搭配的驾驭能力，除去要在平常的阅读过程中多积累，还需要克服中文中诸如“速度快”、“价格贵”、“学习常识”、“人降低”等搭配的影响，防止写出look book或see book如此的笑话来。
误用方面
学生作文中对词汇的误用也相当常见，误用词汇不只不可以准确地表达作者的意思，而且也会闹出笑话。
1. with the industrious development，there is a great need for different kinds of energy。
with the industrial development，there is a great need for different kinds of energy。
2. most big cities are plagued by traffic jams which effect our daily life。
most big cities are plagued by traffic jams which affect our daily life。
【说明】以上错句都是由于对形容词的辨析不清而导致的。industrious是“勤劳的”，“工业上的”应为industrial。effect一般用作名词，其动词形式表示“产生、达成”，而这里的意思是“影响”，应换成affect。
句子冗余
有的学生对某些词和词组缺少真的的理解，常常在一个句子里重复用意思相近的词或词组，形成赘言。
1.in my opinion，i believe the free medical system is in need of reform。
in my opinion，the free medical system is in need of reform。
2.in general，young people in these days tend to remain single。
young people in these days tend to remain single。
【说明】in my opinion和i believe的意思相同，in general和tend to的意思也非常相近，完全可以删去一个。
中式英语
中式英语在学生作文中相当常见。很多学生习惯于根据中文的表达习惯来组织句子，表达思想，有时甚至扔掉了英语语法的定义。
1.some natural resources such as oil and coal will be used up after 50 years。
some natural resources such as oil and coal will be used up in 50 years。
2.after four years，they graduated from the university。
four years later, they graduated from the university。
【说明】在中文里表示方位、次序先后等习惯用“后”一个字，而在英语中，不一样的状况下有不一样的表达法。“将来的50年后”用介词in，“以前的4年后”则用副词later。
不只结构词、介词是这样，就是实词也要依据不一样的搭配来选择不一样的词，如：
my level of english has thus been improved。
my english has thus improved。
