初二上Unit 4 Numbers
1、 课前回顾
1. divide | A. alive; not dead |
2. especially | B. very; more than usual |
3. brain | C. find out how many times one number goes into a bigger number |
4. calculate | D. of or like people, not animals or machines |
5. part | E. all |
6. human | F. on the other side in a game, fight, etc. |
7. living | G. an ancient calculating machine in China |
8. lightning | H. something which has been made for the first time |
9. invention | I. the part inside the head of a person or an animal that thinks and feels |
10. abacus | J. one of the pieces of something |
11. whole | K. find the answer by using mathematics |
12. against | L. a sudden bright light in the sky when there is a storm |
2、本节内容
【词语拓展】
1. especially | 1. especially = particularly 特别地，特别， 格外 2. specially = in purpose 特意地 我特意为你筹备了一个蛋糕：_____________________________________ 3. 不同 especial 和 special： especial 强调“特别，特别”； special强调“特殊的，专为....筹备的” |
2. least | 1. 比较级变形过程：little --- less --- least 至少：____________________ 2.（反义词组）至多：____________________ |
3. own | 1. own = have/possess 拥有 他拥有一辆新车：_______________________________________________ 2. owner 拥有者 他是那辆车的拥有者：___________________________________________ 3. It’s his own responsibility. I only borrowed the book, it’s not my own. I can’t carry it on my own, it’s too heavy. 词组总结： 某人我们的某物：one’s own + n. 某人我们的：one’s own 依赖自己：on one’s own = by oneself |
4. nation | 1. nation 民族，国家 2. nationality 国籍 3. national 国家的，民族的 the national flag 4. international 国际的 an international sports match |
5. time | 1. times = age 年代 在古时候：______________________________ 表示倍数或次数 三倍：____________________ 四倍：____________________ 2. in time 准时 on time 按时 3. all the time = always 一直 from time to time = often 时常 4. at the same time 同时 for the time being 暂时， 眼下 |
6. way | 1. 方法，办法： in many different ways 用不一样的方法 in the same way 用同样的方法 2. 路线，路途： on one’s way to 在去什么地方的路上 by the way 顺便问一下 in the way 挡道 lose one’s way 迷失方向 |
7. as | 1. 用作连词： 好似 …as these pictures show. 根据 Do as I say! 当....的时候 I saw her as she was getting off the bus. 由于，因为 As she has no car, she can’t get there easily. 2. 用作介词： 象...一样 He is as old as me. 作为 As a writer, she’s wonderful |
8. near | 1. near the near future We live near school. 2. nearly = almost 几乎， 差不多 The train was nearly full. He is nearly 16. it’s his birthday next week. 3. nearby 附近的 We went to a nearby town. 在附近 A football match being played nearby. |
9. invent | 1. invent 创造 Who invented the telephone? 2. invention 创造 The telephone is a wonderful invention. Do you know the four great inventions in Chinese history? 3. inventor 创造家 Can you tell some great inventors in the world? |
10. develop | 1. develop 进步 Some children develop more slowly than others. Our country is developing very quickly. 开发 Develop the natural resources of a country. 2. development 进步，成长，进展 developer 开发者 3. developing 进步中的 India is a developing country. developed 发达的 The USA is a developed country. |
11. calculate | 1. calculate 计算 Have you calculated the result? 2. calculation 计算 The calculations are based on these statistics. calculator 计算器 Electronic calculator calculating machines 计算机 |
12. accurate | 1. accurate 精准的，准确的 He gave an accurate description of the thief. 2.（反义词）不精准的，不准确的：__________________________ 3.（副词）精准地：__________________________ |
13. electronic | 1. 辨析：electronic electric electrical electronic 电子的，电子器件的 electric 电的，发电的， 电动的，（任何直接用电，或产生电的） electrical 与电有关的，用电的，电气的 an electrical engineer 2. electricity 电 electrician 电工 |
14. power | 1. power 能力 She has the power to see into the future. 体力， 力量 You can feel the power of the nature. 权力 He wants power as well as money. 2. powerful 有力量的，有权利的 The car has a very powerful engine. The president is very powerful. |
15. live | 1. live 存活，过...生活 live a happy life 实况转播 It isn’t a record show. It is live. （词组）以....为生：_______________________ 2. life 生命 There is no life on the moon. 生活 Life isn’t all fun. 一生，终身 She has lived in China all her life.. 3. 辨析：living alive lively living 活着的 the living things alive 有生命的，活着的，充满生气的 Although he is old, he is still very much alive. lively 活泼的 a lively song/mind 生动的 a lively description |
16. instruct | 1. instruct 教会，指示 2. instruction 指令，命令，指导 a book of instructions 使用详解书 3. instructor 指导者，教练 a driving instructor |
【数词的使用方法】
基数词
（一）基本定义：表示数目多少的词叫基数词。
1. 1-12独立成词：one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
2. 13-19 ：thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
3. 20-90 ：twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
4. 21-99间的两位数，先说“十位”，再说“个位”，中间要加连字符“-”
5. 101-999之间的三位数，先说“百位”，再加and，再加末尾两位数。
6. 1000以上数，用计数符号，每三位加以逗号，从第一个逗号起单位依次为thousand, million, billion.“万”表达为ten thousand
例：579 five hundred and seventy-nine
802 eight hundred and two
4, 352 four thousand three hundred and fifty-two
14, 615 fourteen thousand six hundred and fifteen
123, 456, 789
one hundred and twenty-three four hundred and fifty-six thousand seven hundred and eighty-nine
（二）基数词使用方法：
1. 从句子成分上剖析，基数词在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语等。
Four of them went to the factory. （主语） I want two. （宾语）
My classmate is eighteen.（表语）
2. 编号的事物用基数词。
Today we are going to study Lesson Five. He lives in Room 801.
3. 表示“年、月、日”时年份用基数词，日期用序数词，其顺序由小到大。
The accident took place in 2006. 这次事故发生在2006年。
4. 钟点表达法
1. 先点后分，顺读法。如：8：53 eight fifty-three
2. 先分后点，倒读法：
前半小时用“分钟数 + past + 已过钟点数”；后半小时用“ + to + 下一个钟点数”；
正好半点用“half past + 已过钟点数”；一刻钟用“quarter”。
7:20 twenty past seven; 6:35 twenty-five to seven; 1:58 two to two;
8:30 half past eight; 9:15 a quarter past nine; 9:45 a quarter to ten.
5. 用于加减乘除的数字用基数词。
One plus two is three. Five times six is thirty.
6. 表示百分数用基数词。 Thirty percent of them is water.
7. 表示分数时，分子用基数词，但分母要用序数词；若分子大于1，分母上的序数词要用复数形式。
Two fifths of the book are mine.
8. 表示带有小数的词用基数词。小数点前的整数按基数词的规则表示，小数点写作point，小数点后的数字应按数字直接表示出来。
18.38 可写成 eighteen point three eight.
9. 数词 + 名词 作定语，名词用单数形式。 A twenty-one-year-old girl is behind me.
10. 两组与数词有关的介词短语：
in + 定冠词the + 数词 的复数形式，表示年代。
in the 1870s / 1970s
in + 物主代词 + 数词 的复数形式，表示某人的年龄。
in one’s thirties 在某人三十多岁的时候
有时在物主代词后面可加上形容词early 或late 使含义更确切一些，in his early thirties.
注意：“十多大岁数”要用in one’s teens，不能说in one’s tens。
11. 数词前加every，表达“每一段时间或每隔一段……”
every ten days every four weeks
每10天/每隔9天 每4周/每隔3周
every ninth day every third week
（三）基数词考试知识点：
1. 基数词表示顺序编号时：名词 + 基数词 ，此时两个词的首字母都要大些。
Class Three Room 5 Lesson One
2. 确数与概数的表达。
确数：基数词+单位+复数名词： two hundred students 200名学生
概数：单位加S +of+复数名词：thousands of visitors 成千上万的游客
3. “整十加S” 用于表示“几十年代”或“某人几十多岁时”
In the 1960s, people had to lead a poor life. 在20世纪60年代，大家不能不过着贫困的生活。
He invented many things in his twenties. 他在20多岁时就创造了不少东西。
序数词
（一）基本定义：表示顺序先后的数词。序数词大多由基数词变形而成，需学会了基变序的办法：
1. 口诀记忆：基变序，有规律，词尾加上th;
一二三，单独记，词尾分别t，d，d；
八减t，九去e，f来把ve替；
ty假如做结尾，直接把y变ie；
若遇几十几，只变个位就能。
注意：four—fourteen—forty—forty-two nine—nineteen—ninety—ninety-nine
fourth—fourteenth—fortieth—forty-second ninth—nineteenth—ninetieth—ninety-ninth
（二）序数词的使用方法：
1. 序数词主要用作定语、表语，前面要加定冠词the。
The fifth lesson is very easy to learn.
You are the first one I believe.
（三）序数词的考试知识点：
1. 序数词表示顺序时，前要加the，后面接单数名词。
The second picture is very beautiful. The fourth student comes from America.
2. 表示日期中的“日”。
2016年9月19日，表示为“September 19th, 2016”;
读作：September the nineteenth, two thousand and sixteen
3. 序数词的缩写：
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 20th 63rd 78th
4. 序数词表示编号顺序时： Unit One= the first unit Part Two= the second part
几种特殊数词
（一）普通分数： 子基母序，分子>1，分母+S
1/3: one third 2/3: two thirds
1/2:读作 a half或one half
1/4读作 a quarter 或one fourth
（二）百分比：基数词 + percent
2%读作 two percent 27%读作 twenty-seven percent
（三）习惯表达：
one and a half apples= one apple and a half 一个半苹果
half an apple半个苹果 one or two apples= one apple or two 一两个苹果
10:30 half past ten
10:25 twenty–five past ten
9:45 fifteen to ten 或 a quarter to ten
加减乘除---数字的运算
（一）入门知识：=: is/ equals +: plus -:minus *: multiplied by /: divided by 都是介词。
加法：3 plus 9 is/equals 12. 减法：9 minus 3 is/equals 6.
乘法：3 multiplied by 9 is/equals27. 除法：9 divided by 3 is/equals 3.
（二）句型：一般用“加减乘除”的动词原形来开头，构成祈使句，命令做题者。
Add A and B Subtract A from B
Multiply A by B Divide A by B
If we add 2 to 5, we can get 7. Multiply 2 by 3, please.
数词专项训练
1. ________ tourists went to Hong Kong last October for the opening of H.K.Disneyland.
A. Thousands B. Thousands of C. Thousand of D. Thousand
2. ________ people celebrated Disneyland’s 50th birthday in California on July 17, 2005.
A. Thousand of B. Thousands of C. Thousands D. Ten thousands
3. The police found about ________ the paintings in the museum had been stolen.
A. hundreds of B. two hundred of C. hundred of D. two hundred of
4. about ________ of the computers in this room are online.
A. two-fifth B. two-fifths C. second-fives D. second-fifths
5. ________ of the apples in the fruit bowl are big and sweet.
A. Two-third B. Second-third C. Two-thirds D. Second-thirds
6. ________ of the foreign guests are from ________.
A. Three-four, Russia B.Three-fourths, Korean
C. Three-fourths, Italy D. Three-fourth, Germany
7. The famous professor lives on ________ floor in Block ________.
A. four, 5 B. four, 5th C. the fourth, 5 D. the fourth, 5th
8. It is said that two ________ students are going to have the Listening Contest this weekend.
A. thousand B. thousands C. thousand of D. thousands of
9. about ________ people of our town attended this get-together. All of them had a good time.
A. hundreds of B. three hundred C. three hundred of D. three hundreds
10. A: How many students in our school have passed the exams? B: ________.
A. Four-fifths B. Fourth-fifth C. Four-five D. Fourth-fifths
11. It was reported that ________ of medical workers were needed to fight bird flu.
A. hundred B. hundreds C. five hundred D. a hundred
12. A report says that about ________ of the English teachers in Shanghai are under the age of 35.
A. three-fifth B. third-fifths C. thirds-fifth D. three-fifths
13. Now class, please open your books and turn to ________.
A. 32 pages B. page 32 C. 32nd page D. pages 32
14. Mr White was born ________.
A. on June 28, 1968 B. in 28 June, 1968 C. in 1968, June 28 D, on June 28 in 1968
15. He is a generous man. He has sent ________ Chinese paintings to the museum.
A. hundred of B.hundreds C. three hundred D, three hundred of
16. The musical “Cat” was a big hit. ________ people went to the Grand Theatre to watch it.
A. Two thousands B.Two thousand of C. Thousands of D. Thousand of
17. The train accident in Madrid, Spain killed ________ people. No Chinese was ________ them.
A. two hundred, among B. two hundreds, among
C. two-hundred, between D. two hundreds, between
18. It is reported that over ________ American solders have died in Iraq.
A. five hundreds B. hundred of C. five hundred D. five hundreds of
19. There are over ________ books in our school library.
A. five thousand B. five thousands C. five thousand of D. five thousands of
20. ________ of the girls in our class ________ in the dancing group.
A. Two-third, is B. two-thirds, is C. Two-third, are D. Two-thirds, are
3、课堂训练
1、选择填空：
1. We’ve learnt about ________ English words since we entered school.
A. two thousands B. thousands of
C. two thousand D. thousand of
2. A: Do they all live in school? B: No, about ________ of them live in school.
A. five-nineths B. second-fives C. two-third D. four-fifths
3. 0.76 reads ________.
A. zero point seven six B. zero point seventy-six
C. zero and seven six D. zero seven six
4. Tom, ________ late again next time.
A. isn’t B. don’t be C. don’t D. doesn’t be
5. Let us play football for another twenty minutes, ________?
A. shall we B. will you C. don’t you D. do you
6. ________ students in our class like English.
A. Thirty of B. The thirtieth C. Two thirds D. Two-thirds of
7. A computer can do a calculation ________ you could not do in your whole lifetime.
A. what B. whose C. that D. when
8. Some people call the brain ________ computer.
A. an alive B. a living C. live D. life
9. Amy went to school in a hurry and she left the door ________.
A. open B. opened C. closed D. is open
10. A calculator can ________, subtract, ________ and divide.
A. plus, multiply B. add, multiply C. plus, multiplied D. add, multiplied
11. Turn to page ________ and look at the ________ problem.
A. twentieth, twelfth B. twenty, twelfth
C. twentieth, twelve D. twenty, twelve
12. 78% and 21% are both ________.
A. percent B. percentages C. cardinal numbers D. ordinal numbers
13. Ten minus three ________ seven.
A. are B. equal C. be D. equals
14. Eight ________ six is fourteen.
A. plus B. add C. minus D. subtract
15. __________ three-fifths of the students like football.
A. hardly B. rarely C. possibly D. nearly
16. The measurement must be __________.
A. with a mistake B. without a mistake
C. made a mistake D. done wrong
17. The woman has an __________ brain and she can remember thousands of phone numbers in a short time.
A. exciting B. interesting C. surprising D. frightening
18. China is __________ very quickly these years.
A. growing up B. growing bigger and better
C. growing more beautiful D. growing cleaner
19. Who can __________ such a strange problem.
A. work out B. know about C. learn about D. take up
2、词性转换：
1. Computers are very _______________ calculating machines.
2. There are a great number of _______________books in such computer.
3. My little brother is quite good at _______________.
4. People all over the world _______________ all count in the same way – in tens.
5. Zero is one of the most important _______________ because it makes it easier to calculate.
6. Many people like eating ice cream, _______________ young children.
3、改写句子：
1. People wrote numbers in many different ways. （一般疑问句）
_______________ people _______________ numbers in many different ways?
2. Shakuntala’s brain was very amazing. She once beat a computer. （句意不变）
Shakuntala’s brain was _______________ amazing _______________ she once beat a computer.
3. 45 divided by 5 equals __________. （划线提问）
_______________ _______________ does 45 divided by 5 equal?
4. Let’s work together to overcome this difficulty. （反意疑问句）
Let’s work together to overcome this difficulty, _______________ _______________?
5. He became a professor in his thirties. （句意不变）
He became a professor _______________ he was _______________ thirty.
4、翻译句子：
1. 他一星期起码出去一次。
2. 大家可以用很多不一样的办法解答这道数学题。
3. 大家常用十进制计数。
4. 今天太热了，我宁愿呆在家。
5. 大家要去澳大利亚呆整整一个月。
6. 西蒙是一位身体健壮的澳大利亚足球运动员。
7. 现在，大家可以用电脑来驾驶货车与飞机。
8. 我不够高，够不着架子的顶部。
4、课堂小结
老师建议：对课内单词要有更深的理解，学单词的同时，巩固有关语言点。
个人总结：_____________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
|
5、 课后作业
I. Choose the best answer:
1. There is ________ “h” in the word “hour”.
A. / B. the C. a D. an
2. Could you please tell us ________ Tom has gone to America?
A. how often B. how long C. if D. when
3. Though Lei Feng ________, the Chinese people still remember him.
A. has dead B. has been died C. has died D. was died
4. The Olympic Games ________ every four years.
A. is held B. are held C. holds D. hold
5. What did the class teacher ________ Mary to ________ at the class meeting?
A. ask, talk B. tell, speak C. ask, speak D. tell, say
6. The Chinese ________ the first to use paper money in the early part of the eleventh century.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
7. Anyone can master English and Chinese ________ he doesn’t want to.
A. unless B. until C. when D. if
8. The weather forecast doesn’t say ________.
A. if rains tomorrow B. if it will rain tomorrow
C. when will it rain tomorrow D. if it would rain tomorrow
9. The Shanghai Radio and TV Tower is a ________ tower.
A. 468 meters tall B. 468-meter tall C. 468 meter tall D. 468-meter -tall
10. about ________ the clients are old people.
A. hundreds of B. two hundred of C. two hundred D. two hundreds
11. The system of numbers ________ the numbers from 1 to 9 and 0.
A. consist of B. consist C. consists in D. consists of
12. There is going to be ________ snow in my hometown this winter than last winter.
A. little B. few C. less D. fewer
13. My younger brother was eager to find out ________ Father Christmas had put in his stocking．
A. whether B. when C. what D. that
14. Workers ________ some chemicals ________ the water to give it a thorough cleaning.
A. add, in B. add, on C. add, to D. add, with
15. ________ piece of important information it is!
A. How B. What C. What a D. What an
16. When you ________ the work, please call me.
A. finish doing B. finish to do C. finishes doing D. will finish to do
17. You’d better ________ in the street. It’s too dangerous.
A. don’t play B. not to play C. not play D. not playing
18. I felt ________ sorry for having kept you ________.
A. truly, waiting B. true, waiting C. true, wait D. truth, to wait
19. Not only my brother but also I ________ in interested in football.
A. am B. are C. is D. be
20. What made the country ________ so fast?
A. developed B. developing C. develop D. Develops
II. Fill in the blanks:
1. Alice sang to the music with her hand waving _______________.
2. The girl was so _______________ that she couldn’t say a word.
3. With the _______________ of economy, China is becoming stronger and stronger.
4. An abacus was one of the first _______________ machines.
5. Nowadays _______________ appliances are widely used in our life.
6. Trees are the oldest and biggest _______________ things on earth.
7. China is a _______________ country.
8. Please read the _______________ phrases.
9. If you want to keep _______________ , you must give up smoking.
10. The fast development makes this silent town into a _______________ city.
11. I can’t hear you _______________. Could you say it again?
12. Mr. Jackson doesn’t like his job. He thinks it’s a _______________ job.
13. The little boy _______________ went to his room and shut the door.
14. What you say is very _______________ .
15. We landed on an _______________ island. Nobody had been there before.
16. The person who is in _______________ of a ship or a plane is the navigator.
17. No one has been on this planet. It is an _______________ place.
18. The little girl asked me for a _______________. But I could not help her.
19. Towards evening yesterday, we found a _______________ puppy in my garden.
20. Did you try to make _______________ with Gork.
III. Rewrite the sentences:
1. What do you think of the lecture? （维持句子原意）
_______________ do you _______________ the lecture?
2. Mr Smith works as a doctor. （维持句子原意）
Mr Smith’s _______________ _______________ _______________ help sick people.
3. Gork shut the door __________ （对画线部分提问）
_______________ _______________ Gork shut the door?
4. The charity organization will receive some money from the local government next year.（否定）
The charity organization _______________ receive _______________ money from the local government next year.
5. Steve went to the meeting room in a hurry in order not to be late. （同义句转换）
Steve _______________ _______________ the meeting room in order not to be late.
6. John hurried to the station yesterday. （同义句转换）
John _______________ to the station _______________ _______________ _______________ yesterday.
7. The problem is so difficult that all the students can’t work it out. （改为同义句）
The problem is _______________ difficult _______________ all the students to work out.
8. George began to learn computer when he was ten. （改为同义句）
George _______________ begin to learn computer _______________ he was ten.
9. The room is so big that it can hold 300 people. （改为同义句）
The room is _______________ _______________ _______________ hold 300 people.
10. Mary has some beautiful pictures. （改为感叹句）
_______________ _______________ pictures Mary has!
数词专项训练：
1-10 BBDBC CCABA 11-20 BDBAC CACAD
课堂训练
1、选择填空：
1-10 CDABB DCBAB 11-19 BBDAD BCBA
2、词性转换：
1. powerful 2. electronic 3. calculating 4. nearly 5. inventions 6. especially
3、改写句子：
1. Did, write 2. so, that 3. How much 4. shall we 5. when, over
