2020届高中三年级英语专项训练专题2、阅读理解释说明明类专练
第I卷（选择题）（每题2分，共30分）
一．阅读理解
A（考试知识点17较易）
In the United States, it is important to be on time , or punctual , for an appointment , a class, a meeting, etc. However, this may not be true in all countries. An American professor discovered the difference while teaching a class in a Brazilian university. The two-hour class was scheduled to begin at 10 A.M. and end at 12. On the first day , when the professor arrived on time, no one was in the classroom. Many students came after 10:30 A.M. Two students came after 11 A.M. Although all the students greeted the professor as they arrived, few apologizedfor their lateness.Were these students being rude? He decided to study the students’ behavior.
The professor talked to American and Brazilian students about lateness in both an informal and a formal situation:at a lunch with a friend and in a university class, respectively.He gave them an example and asked them how they would react, If they had a lunch appointment with a friend,the average American student defined lateness as 19 minutes after the agreed time. On the other hand, the average Brazilian student felt the friend was late after 33 minutes.
In an American university, students are expected to arrive at the appointed hour.In contrast, in Brazil,neither the teacher nor the students always arrive at the appointed hour.Classes not only begin at the scheduled time in the United States,but also end at the scheduled time.In the Brazilian class, only a few students left the class at 12:00;many remained past 12:30 to discuss the class and ask more questions.While arriving late may not be very important in Brazil , neither is staying late.
1.The word‘punctual’ most probably means________.考试知识点17 易
A.leaving soon after class B.coming early
C.arriving a few minutes late D.being on time
2.Why did the professor study the Brazilian students’ behavior?考试知识点17 易
A.He felt puzzled at the students’ being late.
B.He felt angry at the students' rudeness.
C.He wanted to make the students come on time later.
D.He wanted to collect data for one of his studies.
3.It can be inferred from the professor’s study of lateness in the informal situation that __________.考试知识点17 易
A.American students will become impatient if their friend is five minutes late
B.neither Brazilian nor American students like being late in social gatherings
C.being late in one culture may not be considered so rude in another culture
D.Brazilian students will not come thirty-three minutes after the agreed time
4.What is the main idea of this passage?考试知识点17 易
A.It is important to be on time for class in the United States.
B.The importance of being on time differs among cultures.
C.People learn the importance of time only from their own culture.
D.Students being late for class should explain the reason to their teacher.
B（考试知识点17中难）
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, tightly knit groups developed their own patterns of speech independent of each other. Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number. In recent centuries, trade, industrialisation, the development of the nation-state and the spread of universal compulsory education, especially globalisation and better communications in the past few decades, all have caused many languages to disappear, and dominant languages such as English, Spanish and Chinese are increasingly taking over.
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages. The distribution of these languages is hugely uneven. The general rule is that mild zones have relatively few languages, often spoken by many people, while hot, wet zones have lots, often spoken by small numbers. Europe has only around 200 languages; the Americas about 1,000; Africa 2,400; and Asia and the Pacific perhaps 3,200, of which Papua New Guinea alone accounts for well over 800. The median number of speakers is mere 6,000, which means that half the world's languages are spoken by fewer people than that.
Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction , with only a few elderly speakers left. Pick, at random, Busuu in Cameroon , Chiapaneco in Mexico , Lipan Apache in the United States or Wadjigu in Australia : none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
5.What can we infer about languages in hunter-gatherer times?考试知识点17 易
A.They developed very fast.
B.They were large in number.
C.They had similar patterns.
D.They were closely connected.
6.Which of the following best explains "dominant" underlined in paragraph 2?考试知识点17 易
A.complex. B.advanced. C.powerful. D.modern.
7.What is the main idea of the text?
A.New languages will be created.考试知识点17 易
B.People's lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C.Human development results in fewer languages.
D.Geography determines language evolution.
C（考试知识点17中难）
Australia,the last continent,was discovered by ships belonging to some European nations in the seventeenth century, these nations were less interested in changing it into a colonythan in exploringit.As in the early history of the United States,it was the English who set up the settlements in Australia.This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some other things in common as well.
Australia and the United States are about the same in size,and their western lands are both not rich in soil.It was the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west.However,this westward movement took place more because the English were searching for better land than because the population was increasing.Settlements of the western part of both countries developed quickly after gold was discovered in America in 1849and in Australia two years later.
Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common,these are some striking differences as well.The United States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australia won its independence without having to go to war.Australia, unlike the United States,was firstly turned into a colony by English prisoners and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising.By 1922,for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people,or almost half as many sheep as the people there in the United States.Yet,in spite of these and other main differences, Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one has with most of the rest of the world.
8.Who turned Australia into a colony?考试知识点17 易
A.Britain
B.Several European countries.
C.The United States of America.
D.None of the above.
9.In the early history of America and Australia,both colonies developed towards the west firstly for the reason that______考试知识点17 易
A.the population was increasing rapidly in the east
B.the English thought there might be richer land there
C.gold was discovered there
D.fewer people lived there
10.In the early 1920s______考试知识点17 易
A.Australia had one fifteenth as many people as sheep
B.there were more sheep in Australia than in the United States
C.the population in Australia was greater than that of the United States
D.the United States had twice as many sheep as people
11.The last sentence in the last paragraph “Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one has with most考试知识点17 中难
A.the United States and Australia do not have any main differences
B.the United States and Australia have much more in common than they have with other countries
C.the United States and Australia have nothing in common with the rest of the world
D.in common with the rest of the world, the United States and Australia have a lot of differences
D（考试知识点17易）
Marco Polo was born in Italy in 1254. When he was 17 years old, he traveled across Europe and Asia with his father, who wanted to do trade with the Chinese. When they eventually arrived in Beijing, they were warmly welcomed by Kublai Khan, the Yuan Dynasty Emperor. Marco was very clever and could speak four languages. The Emperor was impressed by him and they became friends. He asked Marco to serve in his court and sent him to so many important tasks across the country.
Marco Polo, in turn, was amazed by how beautiful and powerful China was. He was very impressed by Beijing and the Emperor’s Palace, especially the Summer Palace.
There were many inventions and developments in China, which were not available in Europe at that time. Marco Polo was amazed to see Chinese people using paper money in markets. In Europe, people paid for goods with gold or silver. He was also confused by the black stones people used to burn for fuel, as he had never seen coal before!
After 17 years of service to the Emperor, Marco Polo returned to Italy. Unluckily, a local war broke out, and he was caught and put into prison. He met another prisoner who enjoyed listening to his stories about China. The prisoner was an author and he took dictation while listening. Later he wrote the stories in a book called The Description of the World, one of the best sellers in Europe.
12.Why did Marco Polo and his father travel to China?考试知识点17 易
A.To trade with Chinese.
B.To draw a map of China
C.To write a book about China.
D.To make friends with the Chinese.
13.Marco Polo was amazed to see Chinese people paying for goods with ______.考试知识点17 易
A.gold
B.silver
C.paper money
D.black stones
14.Who wrote the book The Descriptions of the World?考试知识点17 易
A.Kublai Khan
B.A prisoner
C.Marco Polo
D.Marco Polo’s father
15.What do you know about Marco Polo from the passage?考试知识点17 易
A.He helped his father learn four languages.
B.He taught Chinese people how to use coal.
C.He became a prisoner in Beijing.
D.He served the Emperor for 17 years.
第II卷（非选择题）（每题1.5分，共60分）
语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适合的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（1）困难程度适中
Diets have changed in China—and so too has its TOP crop. Since 2011,the country ①__________ 考试知识点09 more corn than rice. Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over ②__________考试知识点01 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.
A taste for meat is ③__________考试知识点06 behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle. Another reason for corn’s rise: The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice④__________考试知识点08 water quality. Corn uses less water ⑤__________ rice and creates less fertilizer runoff. This switch has decreased⑥__________ 考试知识点04 in the country’s major lakes and reservoirs and made drinking water safer for people.
According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total ⑦________考试知识点06 fertilizer consumption. The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government ⑧__________ a soil-testing program ⑨__________考试知识点10 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers — and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.That prevented the emission of 51.8 million tons of carbon dioxide.China’s approach to protecting its environment while ⑩__________考试知识点14 its citizens "offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide." says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.
（2） 易
Running is good for your health. It may help to protect you ①__________考试知识点03 heart disease and other health problems. Running may also help you live longer.
According to a research ②__________考试知识点08 in the US recently, runners are a great deal ③__________考试知识点06 than non-runners. In fact, the runners live, on average, three years longer than the non-runners.
Running may be good exercise, but it can be difficult on the body. Here ④__________考试知识点05 commonly shared ideas among fitness experts to lower the risk of injury for people ⑤__________考试知识点08 regularly.
Do not run too much, too soon or too fast. Most people get running injuries when they push ⑥__________考试知识点02 too hard.
Get good running shoes. You should find the shoes ⑦__________ 考试知识点10 offer the best fit and support for your feet. More ⑧__________考试知识点06 , you should have a new pair of shoes every 500 to 800 kilometers.
After each run, write down notes about what you did and ⑨__________you felt. You may find that your knees hurt when you run sometimes. Or perhaps you feel great when you have ⑩__________考试知识点01 rest between running days. These notes will help you make the best plan for running.
（3）易
Hollywood filmmakers visit Mulan's roots
Hollywood filmmakers, including creators of the 1998 Disney film Mulan, will start ①__________考试知识点01 “discovery trip” to Mulan’s birthplace —Huangpi District in Hubei Province this week.
During the two-day visit, they will see a number of Mulan-themed ②__________ 考试知识点04 , such as the horse lighting show and the local opera. They will also visit places of historical interest, ③__________ 考试知识点03 the Mulan Mountain and the General's Temple.
In the 20 years since the Disney film came out, ④__________考试知识点02 director Tony Bancroft hasn’t been to the land of Mulan's roots. "For me, it's a full circle tour of where my favorite character was born. I'm also doing my homework for the next film," he said.
“China used to be closed off to Westerners, thus ⑤__________ 考试知识点08 a mystery, but in the last few years, U. S. films ⑥__________ 考试知识点09 the Chinese culture and environment, ⑦__________ 考试知识点10 has opened audiences to a whole new world. I believe the tale of Mulan appeals to Westerners mainly ⑧__________ 考试知识点13 it’s about a daughter’s respect for her family, ⑨__________ 考试知识点06 her father,” Bancroft added.
A live-action remake of the 1998 film is expected to hit theaters in 2019. The Walt Disney Studios has announced that Chinese actress Liu Yifei, also ⑩__________ 考试知识点08 as Crystal Liu, is going to star in the classic Chinese tale.
（4） 易
A mother returned home very tired. Her 8-year-old son ran up to her. He was waiting for her and wanted to tell her 1.___________ his younger brother had done.
“While I was out playing and Dad was on a call, Tyler took his crayons and wrote on the wall! I told him you would be mad at him 2._____________ 考试知识点03 doing it again, but I couldn’t sTOP him.”
She let out a long sigh and asked: “He did it again? 3._____is your brother now?”
“He is in his room.”
She walked to the younger son’s room. She called 4.______考试知识点02/03 full name as she entered. Then, she found Tyler 5.________考试知识点08 to hide. He knew that the worst moments 6.______考试知识点09 ! For the next 10 minutes, the room was full of the sound of her shouting about the expensive wallpaper. She scolded the little boy for his bad behavior. The more she scolded, the 7._______考试知识点06 she got.
Then she headed for the living room 8.______考试知识点08 what he had written. As she saw the wall, her eyes flooded with tears at once. It said “I love Mommy” and 9. _______考试知识点09 with a heart.
Well, the wallpaper remained, just as she found it, with 10.______考试知识点01 empty frame hung around it.
参考答案
1、阅读理解
A、答案：1.D; 2.A; 3.C; 4.B
分析：1.本文讲述了不一样的国家对于按时的理解是不同的,是有文化差异的。
主旨大意题。纵览全文,本文讲述了不一样的国家对于按时的理解是不同的,是有文化差异的,故选D
2.词义猜测题。being on time 是此题的解题思路:从原文"it is important to be on time,or punctual"中的or得出punctual和be on time意思相近。故选A。
3.细节理解题。依据原文中的Were these students being rude?He decided to study the students'behavior。可知他对此表示困惑,故选C
4.推理判断题。依据In contrast,in Brazil,neither the teacher nor the students always arrive at the appointed hour.可知其中关键字语"In contrast"和…形成对比/比较,可知B为答案
B、答案及分析：
答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.D
C、答案及分析：
答案：1.A; 2.B; 3.A; 4.B
D、答案及分析：
答案：1.A; 2.C; 3.B; 4.D
2、语法填空
（1）答案：has grown; the; actually; to improve; than; pollution; global; started; that/which; feeding
分析：
本文是一篇说明文。文中讲述了中国为保护环境在农作物种植上做了一些变化并得到了世界上的知名认识的认同。
①考查时态。since加时间点,主句要用目前完成时。句意:2011年以来,中国种植的玉米比水稻多。故填has grown。
②考查冠词。句意:玉米产量在过去25年里增长了近125%,而大米只增长了7%。故是特指在过去的25年里。故填the。
③考查副词。句意:对肉的需要事实上是这种变化的背后缘由。句子结构完整,用副词修饰句子。故填actually。
④考查非谓语动词。句意:为了改变水质政府鼓励农民种植玉米而不是大米。没连词可以且谓语动词是encourages,故improve应该用非谓语动词。此处表示目的,故用不定式。故填to improve。
⑤考查连词。句意:玉米比大米用的水更少。依据关键字less可知,填比较连词。故填than。
⑥考查词性转换。句意:这一转变降低了中国较大的湖泊和水库的污染,使大家的饮用水愈加安全。has decreased后跟名词作宾语,故填pollution。
⑦考查词性转换。句意:中国约占全球化肥总消费量的30%。fertilizer consumption是名词短语,故应该用形容词修饰。故填global。
⑧考查谓语动词。句意:在2005年政府开始了一项土壤测试项目。本句是when引导的定语从句,因为时间是2005年,故用过去时。故填started。
⑨考查定语从句关系词。依据空后的谓语动词gives可知,该空缺少主语,指代program并且引导后面的句子。指物用that/which,故填that或者which。
⑩考查省略句。句意:中国在养活了中国人民的同时又保护了环境。这一做法为全世界的农业和粮食政策拟定人提供了非常有用的经验。空格处表示正在进行的动作,while后面省略掉了China is,省略句的原则:在时间状语从句、条件状语从句、,让步状语从句中,假如从句的主语和主句的主语一致且含有be动词时,那样可以把主语和be动词一块省略。故填feeding。
（2）答案：against/from; done; healthier; are; running; themselves; that/which; importantly; how; a
分析：
【文章大意】跑步有益健康,但跑步时应该注意一些要紧事情。
1. against/from 考査介词。protect sb. against/from...是习惯搭配,意思是“保护某人免遭……”。
2. done考査非谓语动词。done in the US recently是过去分词短语作定语,分词动作do与被修饰词research之间是被动关系。
3. healthier考査比较级。由句中than non-runners可知,这里应该填healthy的比较级形式;a great deal修饰比较级,表示程度, 意思是“……得多”。
4. are考査时态与主谓一致。该句用了完全倒装,主语是ideas, 故谓语动词需用复数形式;这里说的是一般性道理,用一般目前时。
5. running考査非谓语动词。running regularly是目前分同短语作后置定语,修饰people,分词动作run与逻辑主语people之间是主动关系。
6. themselves考査代词。这里指的是这类人自己,故用they的反身代词。
7. that/which 考査定语从句。that/which offer the best fit and support for your feet是定语从句,修饰先行词the shoes,关系代词that/which在从句中作主语。
8. importantly 考査词性转换。因为修饰的是整个句子,故用important的副词形式。
9. how 考査名词性从句。“what you did and how you felt”是两个并列的宾语从句,其中how表示“如何”。
10. a考査冠词。have a rest是固定短语,意思是“休息一会儿”。
（3）答案：1. a2.performances3. like4. its5. creating6. have explored7. which8. because9. especially10. known
分析：
1. a此处填不定冠词a,表示“一”。
2. performances考查名词单复数。前面有a number of,表示 “很多”,后接可数名词复数。
3.like考査介词的使用方法。前文讲的是他们也将参观很多历史名胜，如木兰山和将军庙。所以此处用like。
4.its考查代词的使用方法。此处要用形容词性物主代词作定语修饰director。
5. creating考查目前分词作状语。
6. have explored考查动词的时态。由本句中的时间状语in the last few years 可知此处用动词的目前完成时态。
7. which考查定语从句的关系词。因为此处是非限制性定语从句,且先行词指物,所以填which。
8. because考查状语从句。此处表缘由。句意:Bancroft补充说:“我觉得花木兰的故事之所以能吸引西方人主如果由于花木兰对家人特别是对她爸爸的尊重”。
9. especially 考査词性转换。由语境可知,此处要用副词especially。
10. known考查非谓语动词。此处用过去分词known作定语修饰前面的Liu Yifei。
（4）答案：1. what 2. for 3. Where 4. his/the 5.trying
6. were coming 7. angrier 8. to see 9. was surrounded 10. an
