考试知识点19 情态动词
高考考试频度：★★★☆☆
【命题解析】
高考考试研究者发现，英语中常见的情态动词主要有can，could，may，might，must，will，would，shall，should，ought to，dare，need，used to，had better等。在学习情态动词时应注意以下几个方面：同一情态动词表示不一样的意义的状况；情态动词后跟各种形式的使用方法；特别应该注意＂情态动词+完成式＂是高考考试中的重点所在。
【命题预测】
情态动词是各地高考考试考试试题中的必考项目，每年高考考试单独命题区的单项填空必有一道考查情态动词的项目。新课标卷主要在语法填空和短文改错中考查。考试知识点依次是：推断→请求/允许→必要性→特殊使用方法。考试试题的立意不偏不怪，但有效信息愈加隐蔽，语境愈加真实，考查角度愈加细致，这类原因在非常大程度上增加了考试试题的困难程度。
【复习建议】
1. 真实的语境中对情态动词的理解和把握；
2. 学会情态动词表示推断和可能性的使用方法；
3. 学会情态动词表达＂情感、态度、语气等＂方面的使用方法。
考向一can，could与be able to的使用方法
1．表示能力，意为＂能，会＂。
☞Many people can use the computer.
很多人会用电脑。
☞If you have a good sleep，you will be able to work out this problem.
假如你好好睡一觉，你将可以解出这道题。
☞I could have worked out the problem，but I was too nervous.
我本来可以解决这个问题，但我太紧张了。
2．can/could表示惊讶，常用在否定句和疑问句中。
☞How can you treat me like that?
你如何能那样对我？
3．can/could表示礼貌地请求其他人做某事，意为＂能，可以＂。
☞Can I have a word with you? It won’t take long.我可以和你谈谈吗？不会花不少时间的。
【易混辨析】 can和be able to 使用方法上有什么区别 1. can只有两种时态，即can 和could；而be able to 有多种时态，如was/were able to，will/shall be able to，have/has been able to等。 I’ll be able to drive the car in a week. Through his diligent work, the deaf-mute has been able to read and write in a sign language. 2. 表示过去通过努力终于做成了某事要用be able to，而不可以用can。 I was able to swim to the bank after the boat turned over. can 和be able to 都可以表示能力。can泛指普通的能力；be able to则主要指具体做到了某件事的能力，其形式主如果靠be 发生变化，所以形式比can 多。 3. can能表猜测，be able to不可以。can的这种使用方法主要用于疑问句和否定句。其一定形式是must be。 Somebody is knocking at the door. Who can it be? It can’t be our teacher who is knocking at the door. 4. can 可以表 ＂允许＂，与may可以互换，此时不可以用be able to 代替。 —Can / May I sit here? —Yes, please. |
1. In today’s information age, the loss of data _________ cause serious problems for a company.
A. need B. should C. can D. must
【参考答案】C
【答案分析】考查情态动词。句意：在今天的信息年代，数据的丢失有时会对一个公司导致紧急的问题。数据丢失导致紧急问题是客观上会发生的状况，即“客观可能性”，故该空应用情态动词can。C选项正确。其余情态动词均没该使用方法。need需要；should应该，居然；must需要，一定。
2. Samuel, the tallest boy in our class, ________ easily reach the books on the TOP shelf.
A. must B. should
C. can D. need
【参考答案】C
【答案分析】考查情态动词。can表示能力，意为“可以” 。故答案为C。句意：塞缪尔——大家班个子最高的男生——可以轻松地够到架子顶层上的书。
考向二may与might的使用方法
1．表示请求、允许时，might比may的语气更委婉一些，否定回答时要用mustn’t，表示＂不能＂＂禁止＂＂阻止＂之意。
☞—May I play basketball this afternoon?
—No，you mustn’t.
——今天下午我可以打篮球吗？
——不，不可以。
2．＂may/might as well＋动词原形＂意为＂最好，倒不如＂，may/ might well＋动词原形，意为＂非常可能＂。
☞He may/ might well stay in Beijing now.
他目前非常可能呆在北京。
☞If you think the price of beef is too high，you might as well buy some pork.It depends on you.
假如你觉得牛肉太贵的话，你可以买些猪肉。你一个人决定。
might为may的过去式，但也可以代替may，语气较为婉转客气或愈加不愿定。 He might not come today. 今天他或许不来了。 You might also get a headache when you work too hard. 当你工作太努力时，你也会患头痛。 |
You __________ feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it.
A. should B. need C. shall D. may
【参考答案】D
【答案分析】句意：你可能感觉所有些练习都是费时，但我有100%的把握你将来会感激它的。should应该；need需要；shall将会；may（不确定）可能。所以选D。
考向三must与need的使用方法
1．must用于否定句，表示＂禁止＂，表示说话者的命令或指令，语气比较强烈。
☞You mustn’t play with the knife，or you may hurt yourself.你千万不要玩刀，不然会伤到自己。
2．must表示必要性，意为＂需要＂。
☞Progress must lead to a better life and a better way of doing things.
进步必然会促成一种更好的生活，更好的做事情的办法。
3．must表示偏执、固执，意为＂非得，偏要＂。
☞If you must go，at least wait until the storm is over.
假如你非要走的话，至少等到暴风雨结束。
①must开头的疑问句，其否定回答一般用don’t have to或needn’t。而不需要mustn’t。 —Must I finish my homework first? 我需要先做完作业吗？ —No, you don’t have to/ needn’t. 不，你不必。 ②can和must在表推断时，can一般用于否定句中，而must 常用于一定句中。 It can not be Li Lei. 那个人不可能是李磊。 It must be Li Lei. 那个人一定是李磊。 |
【易混辨析】 must和have to 1. 表示需要、必要。 在回答引出的问句时，若是否定的，不可以用mustn’t（禁止，不准），而用needn’t/don’t have to（不必）. —Must we hand in our exercise books today? —Yes, you must. —No, you don’t have to / you needn’t. 2. must是说话人的主观怎么看，而have to则强调客观需要。must只有一般目前时，have to有更多的时态形式。 The play isn’t interesting, I really must go now. I had to work when I was your age. 3. 表示推断、可能性，只用于一定的陈述句。 You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. Your mother must be waiting for you now. |
4. need 的使用方法：
（1）情态动词，＂需要，有必要 ＂，一般用于否定句或疑问句中。
You needn’t come here this afternoon. 你今天下午不必来。
（2）行为动词，＂需要, 有必要＂，可以用于各种句式中。
You don’t need to go now. 你不必目前就走。
I need to have a rest. 我需要休息一下。
Do we need to finish all the work today? 大家今天需要完成所有些工作吗？
【巧学妙记】
need的使用方法助记口诀 实义动词表＂需要＂，后接名、代、不定式。 need后接动名词，主动形式表被动。 情态动词表＂需要＂，无人称、数之变。 其后直接加动原，多用疑问与否定。 |
【易混辨析】 dare和need 1. dare作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句和条件从句中，过去式形式为dared。 How dare you say I’m unfair? He daren’t speak English before such a crowd, dare he? If we dared not go there that day, we couldn’t get the beautiful flowers. 2. need 作情态动词用时，常用于疑问句、否定句。在一定句中一般用must, have to, ought to, should代替。 You needn’t come so early. —Need I finish the work today? —Yes, you must. / No, you needn’t. 3. dare和 need作实义动词用时，有人称、时态和数的变化。在一定句中，dare后面常接带to的不定式。在疑问句和否定句中，dare后面可接带to或不带to的不定式。而need后面只能接带to的不定式。 I dare to swim across this river. He doesn’t dare answer. He needs to finish his homework today. |
1.—Can’t you stay a little longer?
—It’s getting late. I really _________go now, My daughter is home alone.
A .may B .can C . must D .dare
【参考答案】C
【答案分析】句意：——你不可以再多待会儿吗?——非常晚了，我需要得走了。我女儿一个人在家。A. may可能，可以，或许； can能，会；C. must需要，势必要，一定会；D. dare敢，胆敢。结合句意，故选C。
2.You __________be careful with the camera. It cosplayts!
A .must B. may C. can D. will
【参考答案】A
【答案分析】考查情态动词。依据下文的it cosplayts可知，照相机非常昂贵，可判断此处是说，你必须要很小心对待照相机。故选A 。may可能；can可以，有时会；will会，想。
考向四will与would的使用方法
1．表示请求、建议等，would比will委婉客气。
☞Would you mind opening the window for me?
请你给我打开窗户怎么样？
2．will和would表示意志、愿望和决心。
☞I will never talk to him again.
我再也不想和他说话了。
3．will可以表示一种习惯性的动作，有＂一直＂或＂总要＂之意。
Fish will die without water.没水，鱼会死去。
1. As 
kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to 
them, my parents would not to let me.
【参考答案】删除let前的to
【答案分析】would后跟动词原形，故把to删除。
考向五shall，should与ought to的使用方法
1．shall用于1、第三人称疑问句中，表示说话人征求他们的建议和向他们请示。
☞Shall we begin our new lesson today?
大家今天开始上新课怎么样？
2．shall用于2、第三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给他们的命令、警告、许诺或威胁。
☞You shall be punished for what you have done.
你需要为你的所作所为遭到惩罚。
3．should表示义务、职责等，意为＂应该＂。
☞You should be strict with yourself as an officer.
作为一名官员，你应该严格需要自己。
4．ought to表示应该。
☞You ought not to be late for such an important meeting.
这么要紧的会议你不应该迟到的。
5．shall还可表示法律、规定和条例中规定的＂应该＂。
Whoever drives through a red light shall be fined at least 200 yuan.不论哪个开车闯红灯，罚款至少200元。
【易混辨析】 should, ought to 1. should, ought to表示＂应该＂，ought to表示义务或责任，比should语气重。 I should help her because she is in trouble. You ought to take care of the baby. 2. 表示劝告、建议和命令。should、ought to可通用，但在疑问句中常用should。 You should / ought to go to class right away. Should I open the window? 3. 表示推断，should、ought to ，must。 He must be home by now. He ought to/should be home by now. This is where the oil must be. This is where the oil ought to/should be. |
考向六情态动词表推断的使用方法
1．can用于一定句中表示客观的可能性，意为＂有时会＂；用于疑问句中可以表示推断，意为＂可能＂，有时表示一种惊讶的语气；用于否定句中也可以表示推断，can’t意为＂不可能＂，语气非常强烈。
☞As we all know，an experienced teacher can make mistakes.
大家都知道，一位有经验的老师也会犯了错误。
☞He can’t have left. His coat is here.
他不可能已经走了。他的外套还在这里。
☞Mr Bush is on time for everything. How can it be that he was late for the meeting？布什先生干什么事情都非常按时，他如何可能开会迟到呢？
2．may/might用于一定句中可以用来表示不十分一定的推断，意为＂大概＂；用于否定句中也可以表示推断，may not意为＂可能不＂，表示一种不太确定的语气。
☞—What are you doing this Saturday?
—I’m not sure，but I might go to the Rolling Stones concert.
——本周六你计划做什么？
——还可能，但我或许会去滚石音乐会。
3．must表示推断时只可以用于一定句中，意为＂肯定，一定＂，表示十分一定的语气。
☞Someone must have used my umbrella yesterday. I found it wet.
昨天肯定有人用了我的雨伞，我发现它湿了。
4．should用来表示推断时意为＂应该＂，即含有＂按道理来讲应当这样＂的意思。
☞There shouldn’t be any difficulty about passing the road test since you have practiced a lot in the driving school.
由于你在驾校练习了那样多，通过路考应该没什么困难。
考向七＂情态动词＋have done＂的使用方法
情态动词＋have done | 使用方法 |
must have done | 肯定做过某事，其否定形式为can’t/couldn’t have done |
can/could have done | 本来可以做但却未做 可能做过某事 |
can’t/couldn’t have done | 不可能做过某事 |
may/might have done | 可能/可能做过某事 |
should/ought to have done | 本该做但却未做，其否定形式表示本不该做但却做了 |
needn’t have done | 做了本没必要做的事情 |
1.＂must have done＂
☞表示对过去事情的一定推断，译成＂肯定做过某事＂，该结构只用于一定句。
☞It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. 昨晚肯定下雨了，由于地面还是湿的。
☞You must have been mad to speak to the servant. 你和仆人说话，肯定是发疯了。
2.＂can’t have done＂
表示对过去事情的否定推断，译成＂不可能做过某事＂。
☞Mr Smith can’t have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. 史密斯先生不可能去北京了，我刚刚还在图书馆见过他。
☞Mary can’t have stolen your money. She has gone home. 玛丽不可能偷你的钱，她回家去了。
3.＂can have done＂
☞表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂。
☞There is no light in the room. Can they have gone out? 屋里没灯，他们可能出去了吗？
☞There is nowhere to find them. Where can they have gone? 到处找不到他们，他们可能到什么地方去呢？
4.＂could have done＂
是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来可以做某事而没做。
☞He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless. 本来他可以通过考试，但他太粗心。
5.＂may have done＂
表示对发生过的事情的推断，意思是＂可能已经＂或＂或许已经＂，用于一定句中。
☞—What has happened to George? 乔治出了什么事？
—I don’t know. He may have got lost. 我不了解，他可能迷失方向了。
6.＂might have done＂
表示对过去事情的推断，might与may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。
☞She might have achieved greater progress, if you had given her more chances. 假如你多给她点机会，她可能已经获得了更大的成绩。
7.＂would have done＂
虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是＂本来会……＂。
☞I would have told you all about the boy’s story, but you didn’t ask me. 我本来会对你说这个小孩子的故事，但你没问我。
8.＂should have done＂
意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实质没做＂。＂shouldn’t+have+done＂表示本来不应该做某事，而实质做了。含有指责他们或自责的意思。
☞Tom, you are too lazy. The work should have been finished yesterday. 汤姆，你太懒惰了，这项工作本来应该昨天就做完的。
☞Look, Tom is crying. I shouldn’t have been so harsh on him. 看，汤姆哭了，我本不应该对他这样严厉的。
9.＂ought to have done＂
表示过去应该做而实质并没做，译成＂理应做……＂，总是表示遗憾。与＂should have done＂使用方法基本一样。
☞I ought to have gone home last Sunday. 我理应上星期日回家。
☞You ought not to have given him more help. 你不应该帮助他那样多。
10.＂need have done＂
表示本来需要做某事而实质没做。＂needn’t have done＂则表示＂本来无需做某事而实质做了＂
☞I needn’t have bought so much wine — only five people came. 我本来没必要买这么多酒，只来了五个人。
☞He need have hurried to the station. In that case, he wouldn’t have missed the train. 他本来需要快点去车站的，那样的话，他就不会误了火车。
—Sorry, Mum! I failed the job interview again.
—Oh, it’s too bad. You _____________ have made full preparations.
A. must B. can
C. would D. should
【参考答案】D
【答案分析】考查情态动词+have done结构。句意：——对不起，母亲，我面试又失败了。——噢，那太糟糕了，你应该做好充分筹备的。A.must需要；B.can可以；C.would将会；D.should应该。can have done＂表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成＂可能做过……吗？＂；could have done表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来可以做某事而没做；must have done＂表示对过去事情的一定推断，译成＂肯定做过某事＂，该结构只用于一定句；should have done＂的意思是＂本来应该做某事，而实质没做。故选D。
题组一 基础过关
I. 用适合的情态动词填空
1. Can you help me? I _________ never understand this.
2. ___________ you tell me what time it is, please?
3. Henry ________ walk when he was one year old.
4. We are going for a walk. _________ you like to join us?
5. Tom, you ___________ leave your clothes on the floor like this.
6. The road is wet. It __________ have rained last night.
7. He has waited outside for half an hour. ___________ he come in?
8. These flowers have died. You _____________ have watered them.
9. __________ she be ten years old next month?
10. I ___________ have hurt your feelings but it was not my intention.
II. 单项填空
1. You _____________ give me a lift. I want to walk home for exercise.
A.needn’t B.couldn’t C.can’t D.mustn’t
2. Remember that in some countries, you _____________ take flowers of a certain colour, because they’re unlucky.
A.could not B.needn’t C.may not D.mustn’t
3. —Being young generations in China, _____________ they take up all of the challenges and opportunities that this country offers?
—Absolutely.
A. mustn’t B. mightn’t C. shouldn’t D. couldn’t
4. —_____________ you interrupt now? Can’t you see I’m on the phone?
—Sorry, sir, but it’s an emergency.
A. Can B. Should C. Must D. Would
5. It is said that people _____________ reduce the risk of catching some serious diseases by exercising.
A. must B. can C. would D. need
6. I was very surprised that that little child _____________ have said such rude words to his parents.
A. might B. could C. would D. should
7. My phone _____________ have been stolen while I was taking a bus. I can’t find it anywhere.
A. can B.must C.should D.would
8. You _____________ so much cash with you, you know — that shop accepted checks.
A.couldn’t have taken B.wouldn’t have taken
C.shouldn’t have taken D.needn’t have taken
9. Without your help, we _____________ our task on time. I cannot thank you enough.
A.can’t finish B.couldn’t finish
C.can’t have finished D.couldn’t have finished
10. —Bob didn’t pass this exam.
—What a pity! He _____________.
A. should study hard B. should have studied hard
C. would have studied hard D. could have studied hard
题组二能力提高
用适合的情态动词完成下面短文
Miss Fang couldn’t read for very long without getting a headache. Her mother told her that she ______________go to the Health Service and see a doctor.＂You should see a doctor as soon as possible，＂ she said.＂You ______________need glasses.＂
When Miss Fang had free time, she went to the Health Service. The appointment clerk said that the doctor ______________see her at 3：30.
Miss Fang replied that she would not be able to be there at 3：30 because she had a class then.＂The doctor ______________take you at about ten to four，＂ the appointment clerk suggested.
＂______________I put you down for ten to four，or would you rather come tomorrow？＂
Miss Fang thought she ______________ waste any more time. The teacher shouldn’t be unhappy if she asked for permission to leave the class a little early, as he was always so kind to everyone. And she replied, ＂I think I ______________make it at ten to four.＂
Miss Fang went to the class. She asked her teacher, ＂______________I leave at 3：45 today？I ______________have an eye examination.＂ As expected, the teacher said, ＂Yes, of course you ______________.＂
题组三体验考试真题
1. My room is a mess, but I ________clean it before I go out tonight. I can do it in the morning.
A. daren't B. shouldn't
C. needn't D. mustn't
2. It was really annoying; I ________ get access to the data bank you had recommended.
A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t
C. shouldn’t D. needn’t
3.George _________ too far . His coffee is still warm .
A. must have gone B. might have gone
C. can’t have gone D. needn’t have gone
4.（2015 • 重庆）You _________ be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years.
A. must B. can C. will D. shall
题组一 基础过关
I. 用适合的情态动词填空
1. can 2. Could/Can 3. could 4. Would 5. mustn’t
6. must 7. Shall 8. should 9. Will 10. may
II. 单项填空
1. A 【分析】考查情态动词。句意：你不必让我搭便车。为了训练我想走回家。needn’t不必；couldn’t（过去）不可以；can’t不可以；mustn’t禁止。故选A。
2. D 【分析】考查情态动词。句意：记住在一些国家，你不可以带某些颜色的花，由于它们是不幸运的。这里表示＂禁止＂用mustn’t。could not不可以（表示能力）； needn’t不必；may not可能不。故选D。
3. C 【分析】考查情态动词。句意：作为中国的年轻一代，难道他们不应该同意这个国家提供的所有挑战和机会吗？should表示＂应该＂，故C项正确。
4. C 【分析】考查情态动词。句意：——你偏要目前打断吗？难道你没看见我在打电话吗？——对不起，但这是紧急事情。Can 可以；Should应该；Must需要，偏要；Would将会。故选C。
5. B 【分析】考查情态动词。句意：据了解，大家可能通过训练降低得一些紧急疾病的危险。这里要用情态动词can表示＂或许会＂。must需要；would将会；need需要。故选B。
6. D 【分析】考查情态动词。句意：我十分震撼，那个孩子子居然对他的爸爸妈妈说了那样粗鲁的话。由句意可知这里表示＂惊讶＂，故用should。
7. B 【分析】考查情态动词。句意：肯定是我乘坐公共汽车的时候手机被偷了。我到处都找不到它。can能；must需要；should应该；would将会。must have done过去肯定做某事。故选B。
8. D 【分析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：——你本不必带这么多现金在身边。你了解那家商店同意支票。couldn’t have taken过去不可能做了；wouldn’t have taken过去不会做而做了；shouldn’t have taken本不应该做某事而做了；needn’t have taken过去本不必做某事而做了。故选D。
9. D 【分析】考查情态动词+完成式的使用方法。句意：没你的帮忙，我不可能按时完成大家的任务。我再如何感谢你都不过。对过去事情的否定推断用couldn’t have doneb表示过去不可能做某事。故选D。
10. B 【分析】考查情态动词+have done。句意：——Bob没通过考试。——真遗憾！他本应该好好学习的。should have done意为＂过去本应该做却没做＂，would have done意为＂过去本来会做却没做＂；could have done意为＂过去本可能做却没做＂。故选B。
题组二能力提高
适合的情态动词完成下面短文
1.should 2.might 3.could 4.might 5.Shall
6.shouldn’t 7.can 8.May/Can 9.must 10.can
题组三 体验考试真题
1.C【分析】 考查情态动词。依据“I can do it in the morning.”可知目前不必打扫房间。故选C项。needn't不必；daren't不敢；shouldn't不应该；mustn't不准，禁止。句意：我的房间非常乱，不过今晚在我出去之前，我不必打扫它。我可以在早晨打扫。
2.B 【分析】句意：这真是让人生气的；我不可以进入你推荐的数据库。wouldn’t不想；couldn’t不可以；shouldn’t不应该；needn’t不必。故选B。
3.C 【答案】句意：乔治不可能走得太远了。他的咖啡仍然是温的。can’t have done是对过去的否定推断；must have done过去肯定做了某事；might have done过去可能做了某事；needn’t have done过去本不必做某事。故选C。
4.D 【分析】句意：你一定是卡罗，这类年你一点也没变化。must表示对目前的一定推断。
