考试知识点04 代词
【命题解析】
冠词是历年高考考试的必考试知识点，常出目前语篇型语法填空和短文改错中。但从整套考试试题来看，在短文改错、书面表达、阅读理解等题型中对冠词的隐性考查可谓无处不在。在平时交际中，几乎每说一句话、每写一篇日记、每读一篇文章都会涉及冠词的运用。故不论高考考试的考查形式怎么样变化，冠词仍应是高考考试复习的重点。
【命题预测】
预计2020年的高考考试仍然会以考查冠词在具体语境中的正确用为主，以语篇型语法填空和短文改错的形式出现，它可能把冠词的各种使用方法结合名词一块进行考查。
【复习建议】 1. 学会冠词的基本使用方法；
2. 学会冠词的习惯使用方法；
3. 学会冠词的活用；
4. 多做训练，提升熟知语境的能力。
高考考试频度：★★★★★
◆代词的考查要素
代词分为九类：人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、相互代词、指示代词、疑问代词、连接代词、关系代词、不定代词。大部分代词具备名词和形容词有哪些用途。
1、 人称代词
1.人称代词作主语用主格，作宾语、表语用宾格，但应注意以下四种状况：
①作主语的人称代词假如孤立地用于无谓语动词的句子中，或在这种句子中与动词不定式连用，常用宾格。
—Susan，go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
—Why me？John is sitting there doing nothing.
②句子中代词作宾语或宾语补足语时，与所替代的名词在人称、数、格与意义上一般要维持前后一致。
The thief was thought to be he.
They took me to be her.他们误以为我是她。
③作表语的人称代词一般用宾格，但在强调句型中，被强调部分代词的格不变。
I met her in the hospital.→It was her who I met in the hospital.
④在比较级的句子中than、as后用主格、宾格都可以。如：He is taller than me.但在下列句中有不同：
I like Jack as much as her.＝I like both Jack and her.
I like Jack as much as she.＝I like Jack and she likes him，too.
2.两个以上的人称代词并列，第二序排列原则：
在并列主语中，＂I＂一直放在最后，排列顺序为：二 三 一。宾格me也一样。
You，she and I will be in charge of the case.
Mr. Zhang asked Li Hua and me to help him.
1.（2018·新课标卷II·短文改错）As 
kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to 
them, my parents would not 
let me. They would say to us that playing card games would help my brain.
【答案】us改为me
【分析】句意：他们会对我说玩纸牌能够帮助大脑。偷换人称代词，是对“我”说，前面提到的I，而不是we。故把us改为me。
2. （2018·新课标卷III·语法填空）When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find __________ alive.
【答案】them
【分析】此处做find 的宾语，所以用宾格them。
2、 物主代词
1.注意名词性和形容词性物主代词各自的语法功能。
2.one’s own...＝...of one’s own句式的转换。
3.某些固定结构中常用定冠词代替物主代词。
take sb.by the arm，be wounded in the leg
3、 反身代词
1.反身代词的语法功能：宾语、表语、主语或宾语的同位语。
2.反身代词和某些动词连用，构成固定短语。
devote oneself to致力于
dress oneself自己着装
enjoy oneself过得快活
feel oneself感觉正常
3.反身代词还可用于某些成语中。
for oneself为自己；独立地
of oneself自然地；自动地
by oneself一个人地
in oneself本身
1.（2019·新课标卷III·短文改错）In the cafe, customers will enjoy yourselves in the historical environment that is created for them.
【答案】yourselves改为themselves
【分析】考查代词的使用方法。customers是句子的主语，故把 yourselves改为 themselves。
2.（2019·北京卷·语法填空）Nervously ______________________________ challenges, I know I will whisper to __________ the two simple words “Be yourself”.
【答案】myself
【分析】考查代词。句意：紧张地面对挑战，我了解我将轻声对自己说两个简单的字“做你一个人”。本句的主语是I，当宾语与主语是同一人称时，宾语要用反身代词。故填myself。
3.（2018·新课标卷III·短文改错）Some of us were confident and eager 
take part in the class activity, others were nervous and anxious. I had done 
homework but I was shy.
【答案】myself改为my/the
【分析】句意：我已经完成了我们的作业。表示“我的”用my不需要myself，或改为定冠词the也可以。
4、 相互代词
相互代词无人称、数和格有什么区别，在句中作宾语。其所有格分别为each other’s，one another’s，作定语。
通常来讲，each other指两者之间，one another指三者或三者以上之间，但目前区别已不明显。
5、指示代词
指示代词具备形容词和代词两种词性，在句子中可以作定语、主语、宾语或表语等。
1.指示代词this和that有什么区别。
①this一般指时间或空间上较近的人或物；that常指时间或空间上较远的人或物。
This is my desk and that is yours.
In those days they could not go to school.
②this常指后面要讲到的事物，有启下有哪些用途；that则指前面讲到过的事物，有承上有哪些用途。
I want to tell you this：the English party will be held on Saturday afternoon.
He hurt his leg yesterday. That’s why he didn’t come.
③为了防止重复，常用that或those代替前面已提过的名词。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Nanjing.
The ears of a rabbit are longer than those of a fox.
④this在电话用语中用于作自我介绍，that用于询问他们；this和that可以当副词用，意思等于副词so。
Can hard work change a person that much?
考向1 对替代词的考查
1. that, one和it
代词 | 使用方法 |
it | 特指前面提到过的同一个人或者物 |
that | 可以指代前面出现过的不可数名词或单数可数名词，指代单数可数名词等于the one。其复数形式为those，等于the ones |
one | 指代前面出现过的那类事物中的＂一个＂，其复数形式为ones |
those | 指＂the＋名词复数＂ |
—Did you get a ticket?
——你搞到票了吗？
—Yes, I managed to get one.
——是的，我设法搞到了一张。
The weather of Beijing is colder than that of Guangzhou.北京的天气比广州冷。
Studying Wendy’s menu，I found that many of the items are similar to those of McDonald’s.研究了温迪的菜单，我发现其中不少东西和麦当劳的相似。
The weather here is too cold. I don’t like it.
这儿的天气太冷了，我不喜欢这儿的天气。
说明：①one和that都可以用来替代上文中所出现的名词，有时可以互换；但在下列状况下不能互换：
只可以用that | 只可以用one |
that既可替代可数名词，也可替代不可数名词，常需要有后置定语，一般不指人，复数形式为those。 | one只能替代可数名词单数，复数形式为ones。当可数名词前有形容词修饰时，只可以用one |
②the ones用来替代上文提到的特指的复数名词，有时可以用those代替，特别在有后置定语的状况下。
The books on the desk are better than those/the ones under the desk.桌上的那些书比桌下的好。
only thosewho had booked in advance were allowed in.只有那些预先订票的人可以进来。
但，the ones中的ones依据状况可用形容词修饰，而those不能。
—Which do you want?你想要什么?
—I’ll have the red ones.我要红色的。
Don’t buy the expensive apples; get the cheaper ones.不要买那价钱贵的苹果，买那实惠的。
【常识链接】 1. 当替代词one / ones 紧跟在形容词最高级、序数词与this, that, these, those, which, either, neither, another等限定词之后时，一般可以省略。如： I think my dog’s the fastest . 我想我的狗是跑得最快的。 Either will suit me. 哪一个对我都适合。 Let’s have another . 咱们再来一个吧。 She looked at each carefully before she chose. 她仔细地看了看每个，然后才挑选。 Which would you like?—That looks the nicest. 你要哪一个?——看着那个最好。 2. 复数形式的ones之前一般不直接用名词所有格、物主代词、数词与 some, any, both, several, dozen, own 等词修饰。如： Have you got any drawing-pins? Can I borrow some please? 你有图钉吗?我能借一些吗? Do you have any new diaries?—We don’t have any at the moment. 你有没新的日记本?——大家眼下一本也没了。 He has three dictionaries and I have only two. 他有三本词典，但我只有两本。 注：假如ones前有描绘性形容词修饰，则可以用上述词汇。如： 误：her ones / some ones / any ones / five ones / your own ones 正：her red ones / some new ones / any old ones / five bad ones / your own nice ones 在美国英语中，ones不可以紧跟在these和those之后。但在英国英语中可以如此用。 3. 当一个名词受另一个名词修饰时，一般不适合用one来替代。如： Do you need coffee cups or tea cups? 你们需要咖啡杯还是要茶杯? 但若一个名词受表材料的名词修饰，可用one替代。如： We can lend you plastic chairs or metal ones. 大家可以借给你塑料椅子或者金属椅子。 |
1.（2019·天津卷·单项填空）A study shows the students who are engaged in after-school activities are happier than _________who are not.
A. ones B. those
C. these D. them
【答案】B
【分析】考查代词。句意：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加课外活动的学生更高兴。空格处代词与the students是对应关系，可以用the ones或者those替代。“them”指代的是前边提到的复数名词，不可以与the students形成对应关系。“these”一般不需要定语从句修饰。故选B。
2.In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from _______ in the UK.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
【答案】A
【分析】句意：在很多方面，美国的教育体系和英国的教育体系大不相同。that指代上文的the education system。it指代的是同一种事或物。one是泛指，指代相同种类中的一个。故选A。
3.Usually there might be a lot of accidents in the heavy fog. I happened to witness _______ this morning.
A. it B. those C. one D. that
【答案与分析】C
【分析】句意：一般在大雾天会有不少事故。今天早上我碰巧目击了一块事故。依据语境可知，此处指上句提到的＂一块交通事故＂，故用one代替。即C项正确。
4.I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy _______.
A. one B. it C. this D. that
【答案】B
【分析】it=the house with a beautiful garden in front。句意：我非常喜欢屋前有一个漂亮花园的这栋房屋，但我没足够的钱去把它买下来。
5.Studying Wendy's menu, I found that many of the items are similar to _______ of McDonald's .
A. those B. ones C. any D. all
【答案】A
【分析】those=the ones, 代指前面的many of the items，表示复数、特指，被of McDonald’s修饰，符合语境。ones表示复数、泛指；any任何一个；all全部，均不符合语境，故排除。句意：研究一下Wendy饭店的菜单，我发现其中很多与麦当劳的菜单项目很相似。
考向2 对both，all，either，any，neither，none 的考查
1.The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _______ contained any useful suggestions.
A. all B. none C. either D. neither
【答案】D
【分析】all全部；none没一个；either两个中任何一个；两者都不。依据该句意思：那个研究小组在调査的基础上得出了两个报告，但两个报告里面都没任何有用的建议。故选D。
2.—When shall I call , in the morning or afternoon?
—_______. I’ll be in all day .
A. Any B. None C. Neither D. Either
【答案】D
【分析】句意：＂我什么时间打电话过来？早晨还是下午？＂＂都可以，我一直都在。＂依据句意可知是在＂早晨和下午这两种状况中做出选择＂。AB一般都表示三者或者三者以上的状况，neither表示两者都不。故D正确。
3.Although Ro百度竞价推广ary had suffered from a serious illness for years, she lost _______ of her enthusiasm for life.
A. no one B. neither C .none D. all
【答案】C
【分析】no one无人；neither表示否定两者，题干没两者提示，因此不选；表示三者以上的否定意用none。句意：罗斯玛丽这么多年遭受了紧急疾病所带来的痛苦，但她一点也没丧失对生活的热情。
4.My brother would like to buy a good watch but _______ was available from that shop.
A. nothing B. none C. no one D. neither
【答案】B
【分析】这里应该注意是在那家店里没买到，就是说店里的任何一块表都不可用的，有一个特定的范围，用none。nothing指物，什么都不是；none既可指人也可指物，强调＂没一个＂；no one只能指人；neither表两者都不，故此题选B。句意：我哥哥想买一块好表，但在那家店里没适合的。
考向3 对 another，the other，other，others，the others 的考查
代词 | 使用方法 |
other | 不可以单独用，只能修饰名词，表示泛指意义 |
the other | the other可单独用，特指两个人或物中的＂另一个＂；也可修饰名词，表示 ＂另外的……＂ |
another | 单独用或修饰单数可数名词，表示泛指＂另一，再一＂；泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的＂另一个＂。另外another后可接＂基数词/few＋复数名词＂形式，表示＂另外的……＂ |
others | 单独用，表示泛指意义，意为＂其他的人或事物＂，常与some一块出现 |
the others | 意为＂剩余的一些＂ |
His parents both work in a hospital. One is a doctor and the other is a nurse.
他爸爸妈妈都在一家医院工作。一个是大夫，一个是护士。
When Americans moved from one place to another，they took their dialects with them.
当美国人从一个地方迁移到另一个地方时，他们携带我们的方言。
You are a team star！Working with others is really your cup of tea.
你是队里的明星！与其他人一块工作的确是你的所爱。
I have three daughters. One is a nurse，another is a teacher and still another is a worker.
我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人。
We need another few chairs.大家还需要几把椅子。
1. The first time I went there, they were living in a small house with dogs, ducks, and another animals.
【答案】another改为other
【分析】他们住在一个小房屋里，院子里有狗、鸭子和其他牲畜。依据句意可知，将another改成other。
2.—Would you get me a bar of chocolate from the kitchen, dear?
—_______ one?
A. Other B. Every C. Another D. More
【答案】C
【分析】another 与数词连用时，数词放在another的后面，如another three chairs; other和more与数词连用时，数词放在它们的前面，如one more apple, two other boys；every指每个，含义与all接近。因此选C。句意：＂亲爱的，能不能到厨房里给我拿一块巧克力来？＂＂还要吃一块？＂
3.To stay awake, he finished a cup of coffee and ordered _______.
A. the other B. other C. the others D. another
【答案】D
【分析】两者中另一个用＂the other＂。不定数目中的另一个用＂another＂句意：为了维持清醒，他喝完了一杯咖啡，又要了一杯。
4.You are the team star! Working with _______ is really your cup of tea.
A. both B. either C. others D. the other
【答案】C
【分析】句意：你是球队明星！与别人合作一定是你的拿手好戏。习语＂one’s cup of tea＂意为＂the type of thing or person that you like＂。
5.Neither side is prepared to talk to _______ unless we can smooth thing over between them.
A. others B. the other C. another D. one other
【答案】B
【分析】neither含有＂两者都不＂之意，一方对应另一方，故用the other指＂两者中的另一个＂。句意：除非大家可以清除他们之间的障碍，不然双方没一方想同另一方谈话。
考向4 对 it的考查
it的特殊使用方法
作形式主语或形式宾语代指不定式、动词－ing形式、名词性从句。
I find it difficult to do the job well.
我发现做好这件工作困难。
表示＂喜欢、恨＂等心理方面的动词后面接it，构成固定结构，这种动词有enjoy，prefer，love，like，hate，dislike，appreciate等。
We really appreciate it when she offered to help.
她来帮忙了，大家十分感激。
it在固定结构中的使用方法：
make it成功；
take it that...假设，以为……；
when it comes to...当谈到……时；
rely on/depend on/count on it that...相信……
You may rely on it that he’ll come to meet you.
你放心，他会来接你的。
1.（2018年·浙江卷·语法填空）Many westerners __________________________________________________ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ______________________________ can be to eat out.
【答案】it
【分析】考查it使用方法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真的主语，用it 是形式主语。故填it。
2.I’m afraid you can’t _______ to the village in an hour; you must allow for the icy road.
A. get it B. take it C. leave it D. make it
【答案】D
【分析】句意:恐怕你不可以在一小时后到达那个村庄；你需要考虑到路面结冰。get it弄了解；take it觉得；leave it把它遗留在某地；make it准时抵达,成功。
3.—Alice, turn off the light and lock the door before you leave.
—_______.
A. Got it B. Made it C. Heard it D. Taken it
【答案】A
【分析】句意：＂爱丽丝，离开之前把灯关掉，把门锁好。＂ ＂了解了。＂got it了解，了解；made it约定时间，做成某事。故选A。
4.—Mom. I came first in the National Basic Skill Competition.
—Well done! _______.
A. Keep it up B. Take it easy C. Catch it D. Hold it.
【答案】A
【分析】keep it up＂继续努力；再接再厉＂，符合题意。take it easy不要着急；放松；catch it受罚；受责罚；hold it稍等；别动。句意：＂母亲，我在国家基本技能大赛上得了1、。＂＂做得太棒了！要再接再厉＂
题组一基础过关
用适合的代词填空
1.The cosplayt of renting a house in central Xi’an is higher than ________ in any other area of the city.
2.—May I ask for leave tomorrow?
—No，you can’t.________ applying for the scholarship must be present.
3.I dislike ________ when I am left alone to start a conversation with a stranger.
4.If you’re buying today’s paper from the stand，could you get ________ for me?
5.＂Speed up. 70 km/h isn’t fast enough. You are holding up the traffic，＂ another voice ordered from the seat next to ________ .
6.She asked ________ name and said she didn’t remember me.
7.Years have passed. Now，every time I sit down to write ________ new，I think of Mr Gough.
8.Both teams were in hard training；________ was willing to lose the game.
9.—How many students are there in the classroom now?
—________. I have locked it.
10.Saying is one thing and doing is ________.
题组二能力提高
I.单项选择
1.—What do you think about that new librarian?
—She is _______ of a good clerk, for she even doesn’t know how to classify the books.
A. somebody B. nothing C. something D. nobody
2.College students should learn to compromise. But some of them only expect people to change for them, not _______ way around.
A. another B. the other C. other D. any other
3. Almost 90% of the most popular video games contain violence, and much of ______ is extremely violent.
A. which B. it C. them D. those
4.According to the Gini Index, the degree of wealth concentration in China has risen by a third in the past 35 years and now is larger than _______ of the US.
A. this B. one C. that D. such
5.—I’ve sold my first painting!
—This is really _______! Someone actually thinks your painting fantastic.
A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something
6.It’s one thing to send a short message but _______ to hove the person receiving the message actually do something.
A. another B. other C. the other D. others
7.If I had ever feared death before, it was _______ compared to how I felt as the roller coaster moved faster and faster.
A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing
8. Actually, Einstein’s theory of relativity and his other scientific works are not _______ hard to understand with a little study.
A. such B. that C. only D. thus
9. Tina has got a new dictionary and I’m eager to have ______ as well.
A. that B. it C. this D. one
10. Hangzhou is really a beautiful city, so we have decided to stay for ______ two days.
A. other B. another C. the other D. others
II.语篇填空
An old man and his son were taking a donkey to the market. The man rode the donkey and the son walked behind ______________. A man saw them and asked the son why ______________wasn't riding the donkey. Then the father let ______________ride it.______________ man saw them and told ______________ that they should ______________ride the donkey.So______________ both got on it. A woman who saw them said，＂Tell ______________，why are you both riding that poor animal? ______________ looks so weak and tired. You are so cruel！＂Then，the father and son got off the donkey and started carrying ______________ across a bridge. When they were halfway across the bridge，the donkey struggled loose and fell into the river.
题组三体验考试真题
1.（2016·浙江）In many ways , the education system in the US is not very different from __________in the UK.
A. that B. this C. one D. it
2.（2015·重庆）The meeting will be held in September, but_________ knows the date for sure.
A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody
3.（2015·浙江）How would you like __________ if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you?
A. them B. one C. those D. it
4.（2015·天津）The quality of education in this small school is better than ______ in some larger schools.
A. that B. one C. it D. this
5.（2015·陕西）To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against __________.
A. another B. the other C. other D. either
6.（2015·福建）The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but_________ contained any useful suggestions.
A. all B. none C. either D. neither
7.（2014·全国大纲卷）—Who’s that at the door?
—__________ is the milkman.
A. He B. It C. This D. That
8.（2014·全国大纲卷）I think Mrs. Stark could be _______ between 50 and 60 years of age.
A. anywhere B. anybody C. anyhow D. anything
9.（2014·重庆）A smile cosplayts _______, but gives much.
A. anything B. something C. nothing D. everything
10.（2014·山东）Susan made______ clear to me that she wished to make a new life for herself.
A. that B. this C. it D. her
题组一基础过关
用适合的代词填空
1.that 2.Anyone 3.it 4.one 5.mine/me
6.my 7.something 8.neither 9.None 10.another
题组二能力提高
I.单项选择
1.B 【分析】nothing of不够……的素质或条件。句意：＂你感觉那个新图书管理员如何？＂＂她不是一个好办事员，由于她甚至不了解怎么样将图书进行分类。＂故选B。
2.B 【解祈】句意：大学生应该掌握妥协。但大学生中有有的人只不过期望大家为他们而改变，而不是相反。not the other way around而不是相反的。依据句意故选B。
3.B【分析】考查代词。句意：90%最火爆的视频游戏都包括暴力，其中不少是极其暴力的。it指代不可数名词violence。
4.C 【分析】 that/those在句中用来代替前面出现的相同种类比较对象，that指代单数可数名词或不可数名词，that指代上文提到的＂the degree of wealth concentration＂。句意：据基尼指数显示，过去35年来，中国的财富集中度增长了三分之一，现在比美国还高。
5.D【解祈】句意：＂我卖掉了我的第一幅画！＂＂太棒了！肯定有人觉得你的画是非常好的。＂This/It is really something为习惯使用方法，意为＂太棒了，好极了＂。该句中something指＂要紧的事物，有肯定意义的事物＂，符合句意。故答案选D。
6.A 【分析】句意：发短信是一回事，而让收到短信的人干什么事又是另外一回事。another。这当时应该先把它转化为陈述句you would like______.剖析句子结构了解like之后缺少一个宾语，需要一个宾格代词充当，所以答案为D。
【名师点睛】it 为形式宾语，其后的不定式为真的的宾语。一般说来，当不定式、动名词、从句等用作宾语且其后跟有宾语补足语时，就应在宾语补足语前用形式宾语，而将真的的宾语移至句末。it 用作形式宾语的基本句型是：动词+形式宾语+宾语补足语+真的的宾语。另外，某些表示＂喜、怒、哀、乐＂的动词，如like, enjoy, love, hate等，总是不可以直接接宾语从句，需要用it作形式宾语。
4.A【分析】句意：这所小学校的教育水平要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education，故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。故选A。
5.B 【分析】句意：为了提醒自己，这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。由于人有两只脚，一只不过one，另外一只不过the other，所以选B。
6.D 【分析】 all全部； none没一个； either两个中任何一个；neither两者都不。句意：那个研究团队在那个调查上得出了两个报告，但两个报告里面都没任何有用的参考。故选D。
7.B 【分析】考查代词的使用方法。句意：——哪个在门外？——是送牛奶的。由于不了解门外的是什么人。故用it指代不了解的人。故选B。
8.A 【分析】考查不定代词的使用方法。句意：我觉得Stark夫人在50到60岁之间在哪儿都行。此处anywhere意为：任何地方，符合句意。
9.C 【分析】句意：微笑是不需要付出任何本钱的。该句中的but一词构成前后语义矛盾，＂微笑不烧钱，但却给予别人不少。nothing与much形成语义对比。故本题选择C项。cosplayt nothing意为＂不需要付出＂。
10.C 【分析】这是一个宾语从句，make的宾语是that引导的句子，在本句中用it做形式宾语代指that引导的宾语从句。句意：Susan向我表明她期望能过上新的生活。故答案选C
