U7
1、必会词语
1. direction n.
【词性转换】director n. 导演 direct v. 指导
【记忆】 in all directions 四面八方；各方面; in the direction of 朝……方向
例句：In which direction are you going, north or south? 你筹备往什么方向走，向北还是向南？
批注：让学生回想看电影的时候，在电影开头会播放职员表，导演的英语是什么呀？下次要记得在生中累计英语单词哦~
2. Warning adj. 警告、警示;
【词性转换】 warn [wɔ:n] v. 警告、警示
例句：Because of her warning. I was careful. 因为她的提醒，我非常小心。
Let it be a warning to you. 以它为鉴吧。
【常识拓展】warn sb not to do sth
3. Instruction adj. 说明使用方法的、操作指南的；
【记忆】 ask for instruction 请示， give instructions to do something 指挥∕命令（做某事）
例句：Read the instructions on the bag. 看一下袋子上的说明。
4. silence n. 寂静、无声；
【词性转换】 silent ['sailənt] adj. 寂静的、沉默的；
silently ['sailəntli] adv. 寂静地；无声地
例句：Jane first broke the silence. 简第一打破沉默。
She dropped me a line after a long silence. 沉默良久她才给我写了一封短信。
Be silent！ The baby is sleeping.
5. useful adj. 有用、好用的、有帮助的；
【反义词】 useless ['ju:slis] adj. 无用的、无效的、无价值的
例句： She gave us some useful information. 她给了大家一些有用的信息。
6. take turns 依次；轮流
例句： Let’s take turns to do it. 让大家轮流来做吧。
The children were taking turns on the slides in the play ground. 孩子们在操场上轮流滑滑梯。
【常识拓展】
turn作名词的使用方法：转弯 You should make a left turn at Daxing Street.
轮次 It’s your turn to clean the room.
固定搭配： take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
turn也可以作动词，可搭配成很多词组。
比如：turn on（打开）， turn off（关掉），
turn up（调高音量）， turn down（调低音量），
turn into（变成）， turn left/right（向左/向右转）等。
turn over , turn out 证明是
例句：The students take turns to answer the questions.
The baby is sleeping. Can you turn down the TV?
Get down this street and then turn right.
7. land v. 落、降落；
【反义词】 take off 起飞
1） v.着陆，登陆。 The pilot landed the helicopter in a field. 飞行员将直升机降落在一片稻田里。
2） n. 土地，陆地。Did they travel by land or by sea? 他们从陆路还是从海路去旅游？
8. miss v. 错过；
【联想】miss v. 想念、思念
例句：He missed the chance of winning a gold medal because of his illness.
他由于生病而失去了取得金牌的机会。
I miss you so much.
9. luck n. 运势；
【词性转换】 lucky ['lʌki] adj. 幸运的 luckily ['lʌkili] adv. 幸运地；
unlucky [ʌn'lʌki] adj. 不幸的 unluckily [ʌn'lʌkili] adv. 不幸地
例句：Good luck to you! 祝你成功！
10. Player n. 选手
【词性转换】 v. play 玩，打球。
例句：Let’s play football after school, shall we?
The player made a good performance in the game.
11. Mean v,意味着
【词性转换】1） meaning n. 意思 What’s the meaning of the word?
2) meaningful adj. 有意义的 a meaningful class
反义词：meaningless adj. 无意义的
训练：
II. Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.
This sign tells us things we must not do. It's a____________________sign.
He drove in the of the farm.
3. If you don't know how to use the fridge, you'd better read the_____________ book.
4. Generally speaking, the computer is very_____________.
5. He the exciting trip last week.
【Keys】1. warning 2. direction 3. instruction 4. useful 5. missed
2、必会词组
go hiking 去…远足；做徒步旅游
go camping 去露营
an information sign 一个信息标志
an instruction sign 一个说明办法的标志
tell sb. to do sth. 告诉某人做某时
the telephone for help 打电话求救
wash these clothes in warm water 在温水里洗这类衣服
pick the flowers/ pick up litter 摘花/ 捡垃圾
keep quiet/ silent 维持安静
take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事
land on / take off 着陆/ 起飞
good luck 祝你好运
in a park / in the countryside 在公园里/在乡间
on a road 在马路上
at school 在学校
We can /must /must not + 动词原形
训练：
依据句子意思和所给提示，完成句子
1.Are you at home at the ____?
2.I like ____ very much.
3.They always play _____ after school.网球
4.Yao Ming is _____ tall.相当的
5.Is there a ________ in our school?足球场
6.Do you like ______ TV?
7.Mike is good at _______.
8.Beckham and Hao Haidong are both football _____.
9.He is very ______. He always ______ his students.
10.He often _______ dinner at home with his grandparents.
11.My ______ lesson is English.
12.Her hair is ______.
13.I ______ born in October.
14.Amy is ______ tall.
15.He enjoys _____ ______. But my cousin doesn’t like it. 打羽毛球
16.Cathy ______ for half an hour a day.
17.I don’t like _____football. But my father _____ it.
18.Lei Lei wants ______ on the Internet.
19.He is clever at _____ goals.
20.I usually go _____ for half an hour at the weekends.
3、必会语法
I．情态动词基本使用方法
1、基本定义及特点
定义：情态动词是一种本身有肯定的词义，但要与动词原形及其被动语态一块用，给谓语动词增添感情色彩，表示说话人对有关行为或事物的态度和怎么看，觉得其可能、应该或必要等的动词。
特点 ： 不可以单独作谓语，须和行为动词或系动词连用一同构成谓语；
无人称和数的变化（have to除外：has to/had to）；
后接动词原形（do/be）；
具备助动词用途（可用来构成否定句，疑问句及简明回答）
2、基本分类
只作情态动词的有：must, can , may
可作情态动词也可作实义动词的有：need，dare
可作情态动词也可作助动词的有：will , shall
具备情态动词某些特点的有：have to, ought to，had better
3、使用方法解析
1、情态动词基本使用方法
1）can/could
表示能力，意为“能、会”。
Two eyes can see more than one.
Could the girl read she went to school?
⑵ 表示请求或允许，多用于口语中，意为“可以”，等于may。
You can go now.
Can I have a look at your new pen?
He asked whether he could take the book out of the reading-room.
⑶ 较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述怎么看。
Can you lend me a hand?
注意：情态动词的过去式除去表示过去的时间这一使用方法外，更多时候表达一种比原形更为委婉客气的语气。特别在出目前宾语从句主句中时，并不影响从句的时态。
训练：用 can 或 could 填空.
I'm really hungry. I eat a horse!
It's so nice here. I stay here all day but I have to go.
"I can't find my bag. Have you seen it?" "No, but it_____________ be in the car."
Peter is a musician. He plays the violin and he____________ also play the piano.
The weather is nice now but it_____________change later.
keys: 1) could 2) could 3) could 4) can 5) could
2）may/might
⑴ 表允许，might可以指过去时间，也可指目前时间，语气更委婉。
You may take whatever you like.
He told me that I might smoke in the room.
May I ask for photo your baby?
⑵ 表示祝愿，常用于倒装结构中：
May you succeed! 祝你成功！
May all your dreams come true! 愿你梦想成真！
训练： 选择最好答案填空：
1) — I borrow your MP3?
— Sure. Here you are.
A. May B. Should C. Must D. Would
2) You go and ask Meimei. She know the answer.
A. must; can B. must; may C. need; can D. can; may
3) I'm not sure if I'll be free then. I working that weekend.
A. must be B. should be C. may be D. can be
4) — I visit Lucy on Sunday, Mum?
—Yes, you .
A. Must; can B. May; may C. Need; need D. May; need
5) Peter come with us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.
A. must B. may C. can D. Will
【Keys】4. 1)A 2) D 3) C 4) B 5) B
3）must
⑴ 表示“需要”、“应当”。
We must love our country.大家要热爱祖国。
I must take a day off tomorrow.我明天需要请一天假。
⑵ must的否定式（mustn’t）表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“不准”、“禁止”等，语气比较强烈。
You mustn’t speak loudly in the library.不许在图书馆大声喧哗。
We mustn’t waste our time.大家不应该费时。
4）need
⑴ 作情态动词时，接动词原形。仅用于否定句和疑问句，否定直接加not（needn’t）
—Need we leave soon?
—Yes, you must.
You needn't have hurried.
作实义动词时，接带to的不定式。否定和疑问借用助动词完成（如 did you need？didn't need）
He needs to see a doctor.
They didn't need to start so early.
训练：选择填空。
1. Students __________ wear uniforms at school.
A. must B. can C. may D. need
2. We __________ talk or speak loudly in public places like hospitals, libraries or cinemas.
A, needn’t B. mustn’t C. may not D. don’t.
3. __________ you tell me how to improve my memory?
A. Do B. Can C. Must D. Should
4. I __________ neither read nor write at that time.
A. can B. may C. must D. could
5. The conductor said I __________ get off at the next sTOP.
A. must B. had to C. have to D. would have to
6. You __________ talk so loud.
A. don’t have B. needn’t C. don’t need D. not need
7. Children __________ cross busy streets to go to school.
A. haven’t to B. don’t have C. don’t have to D. not have to
8. —Can children under the age of ten ride bicycles in the city?
——No. According to the law, they __________ .
A. may not B. needn’t C. mustn’t D. shouldn’t
9. Must I water the flowers today?
— __________ . It’s going to rain.
A. No, you needn’t B. No, you can’t
C. No, you may not. D. Yes, you must
10. — __________ I park my car here?
—Sorry, l’m afraid you __________ . Can you see the sign “No Parking” here?
A. Can... can B. Need... may not
C, May... can’t D. May... needn’t
keys: 1-5 ABBDD 6-10 BCCAC
5）shall
表征询建议，用于1、第三人称疑问句。
Shall I get some tea?
Shall the boy wait outside?
What shall we do this evening?
6）will
⑴ 表意愿，用于各种人称陈述句。
I will do anything for you.
None is so blind as those who won’t see.
⑵ 表请求，用于疑问句。
Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold.
Won’t you drink some more coffee?
（2） 表示某种倾向或习惯性动作。
Fish will die out of water.
The door won’t open.
7）would
⑴ 表意愿。
I said I would do anything for you.
⑵ 表委婉地提出请求、建议或怎么看。
Would you like another glass of beer?
Would you mind cleaning the window?
They wouldn’t have anything against it.
⑶ 表过去反复发生的动作或过去的一种倾向。
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
8）should
⑴表义务。意为“应该”（某件事宜于做），用于各种人称。
You should be polite to your teachers.
You shouldn’t waste any time.
9）ought to
⑴表义务，意为“应该”（因责任、义务等该做），口气比should稍重。
You are his father. You ought to take care of him.
You oughtn’t to smoke so much.
⑵表推断，暗含非常大的可能，语气较弱。
Han Mei ought to know his telephone number.
There’s a fine sunset; it ought to be a fine day tomorrow.
训练：选择填空。
1. He __________ eat so greedily.
A. shouldn’t to B. ought to not C. ought not D. oughtn't to
2. Let’s play table tennis, __________ ?
A. will we B. shall we C. shan’t we D. will you.
3.— __________ you please take a message for him?
-Sure.
A. Will B. Shall C. Ought D. Should
4. Please erase the words and phrases from the blackboard after class, __________ ?
A. can you B. will you C. do you D. don’t you
5. — __________ you __________ turning down the radio a bit?
-Not at all.
A. Would... mind B. Would…like C. Will…you D. Had... better
6. ---__________ we have a word with Susan?
---Yes, we __________ talk to him.
A. Shall...shall B. Shall…should C. Should…shall D. Should... should
7. —I __________ go there alone?
—Yes，you ought.
A. Do…ought B. Will…ought C. Ought... to D. Ought…/
8. --- __________ you __________ to have some pudding?
—Yes, please.
A. Had. . . better B. Ought.../ C. Would…like D. Would…mind
9. You’d better __________ you know when you don’t and it’s better __________ for an electrician.
A. not to pretend... to send B. not pretend…send
C.not to pretend…send D. not pretend…to send
10. —Shall I tell Michael about the news?
—No, you __________ . He’s already known it.
A. can’t B. mustn’t C. needn’t D. don’t
keys: 1-5 DBABA 6-10 BCCDC
KEYS: CBEAD
名词的修饰词
I. a few, a little
1. 基本使用方法
中文 | 修饰可数名词 | 修饰不可数名词 | 备注 |
一些 | a few | a little | 一定含义 |
几乎没 | few | little | 否定含义 |
eg.
He is a man of few words.
Tony asked us a few questions.
There is little milk in the fridge so we have to buy some.
I need a little help to move these books.
注意：only/quite 后只能加 a few 或 a little; 而 so/very 后只能加few 或little.
only a few≈ few≈ very few, only a little≈ little≈ very little; quite a few≈ many, quite a little≈ much;
eg.
Quite a few visitors come to Shanghai every year.
This movie is so boring that very few people want to see it.
He knows only a little about Chinese history.
I can go out with you tomorrow as I have very little work to do these days.
第一关：词义辨析
1. Hurry up. There is__________ time left.
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
2. If you save__________ coins a day, you will be able to buy a mobile phone in a year.
A. a little B. little C. a few D. few
3. I am afraid you can’t post so many postcards with so__________ money.
A. less B. few C. a little D. little
4. My husband has quite a few__________ . He likes painting, reading, bowling，surfing and so on.
A. interest B. interests C. interested D. interestings
5. —Are there any prawns left on the plate?
—Only__________ .
A. little B. a little C. few D. a few
II. some, any
1. some是不定量代词，意为“一些”，既能够修饰可数名词，也能修饰不可数名词，常用于一定句，当用在特殊疑问句中时表示渴望得到他们的一定回答。
I'd like to have some milk for breakfast. 早餐我想喝一些牛奶。
-Would you like some water?你想要喝水吗？
-No, thank you. 不，谢谢。
2. any意为“一些”时,可以修饰可数名词的复数,也可以修饰不可数名词; 当any意为“任一”时,也可用于一定句中,起强调用途。
Do you have any questions to ask? 你有哪些问题要问吗?
There isn’t any water in this bottle. 这个瓶子里没水。
You may take any of them. 这类东西,你随意拿什么都行。
Call me any day next week.
第二关：能力提高
There isn’t__________ orange juice in my bottle. Please give me__________.
—Do you have__________ picture-books?
—No, I don’t have__________. But I have__________ story-books.
—Are there__________ boys in the classroom?
—No, but there are__________ girls in it.
—Which one can I take?
—You may take__________ one of them.
—Would you like__________ fruit juice, please?
—No. I’d like__________ tea.
III. a lot of, a lot, plenty of
1. a lot of= lots of是一个形容词性短语，意为“很多，很多”，修饰可数名词或不可数名词，常用于一定句中。
There are a lot of trees in this park. 这个公园里有很多的树。
Tom earns a lot of money by hard work. 汤姆通过努力工作挣了很多钱。
2. a lot
① 作代词pron. 表示“不少，多数”。
How many do you want? --A lot/lots.
Have some more pie, there’s a lot left.
② 作副词adv. 修饰形容词和动词，表示“很，相当”，置于被修饰的形容词或动词之后。
He is feeling a lot better today.
I play tennis quite a lot in the summer.
3. plenty of 意为“很多的，充裕的”，用来修饰可数名词和不可数名词，使用方法同a lot of / lots of。
Do you need more milk? --No thanks, there's plenty of it in the fridge.
We believe in taking in plenty of fresh air and getting plenty of exercise.
IV. many, much, enough
1. many和much都意为“很多”，但many用于修饰可数名词，而much修饰不可数名词。
China has many oil fields. 中国有很多油田。
In our view, there is much oil here. 在大家看来，这里有很多石油。
Many of the students are taking classes now.
Much of the water here is dirty and bad for our health.
2. enough
① 作名词、代词，意思是"足够;充分"。
Enough has been said on this subject.
Would you like some more muffins? --No, thanks. I've had enough.
【注意】当enough后的名词前有冠词、形容词性物主代词、指示代词或其本身就是代词时，要用介词of。
They were able to save enough of their furniture to fill a room.
② 作形容词，意思是"足够的;充分的"，常与for或不定式连用，置于被修饰的可数/不可数名词之前，可以作定语或表语。
I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have use.
I've got enough money to pay for a taxi.
③ 作副词, 意思是 "十分地; 充分地; 足够地; 充足地"，置于被修饰的形容词或副词之后，常与不定式或介词for连用 ，在句子中作状语，表示程度。
Is the river deep enough for swimming/to swim in?
I wish you'd write clearly enough for us to read it.
训练：
1. A smile cosplayts nothing, but gives so ______.
A. little B. few C. many D. much
2. It’s easy to find a good hotel in our city because we have _______ of them here.
A. none B. few C. many D. each
3. We need to go shopping. There is_________ juice left in the fridge.
A. little B. few C. many D. much
4. He ran and ran, but he couldn’t run_____ to catch the bus.
A. Fast enough B. enough quick C. enough fast D. enough quickly
5. He is______ school.
A. old enough going to B. enough old to go to
C. old enough to go to D. enough old going to
V. no, none
1. none表示否定，用于三者及三者以上，可与可数名词和不可数名词搭配，表示“一个也没，毫无”。
①可与of连用, 即none of；
②谓语动词用单或复数皆可；
③既能够指人也可以指物；
④一般用来回答how many/much +n.及含any+ n.引起的一般疑问句。
None of the guests wants/want to stay.
I'll have none of your wild ideas.
Is there any bread left? --No, none at all.
How much money do you have with you? --None.
2. no表示否定，可与可数名词和不可数名词搭配。与单数名词搭配等于not a，与复数名词搭配等于not any。
I have no car. 我没车。
He has no sisters. 他没姐妹。
There is no air on the moon. 月球上没空气。
训练：
1. —How heavily it rained this early morning.
—Yes. But __________ of the students in our class was late for school.
A. some B. none C. all D. neither
2. —What do you think of the four classics of China?
—I hear that they are wonderful, but I’ve read _______ of them.
A. all B. both C. neither D. none
3. She got up to get some sleeping pills but found there was __________ left at home.
A. nothing B. none C. something D. nobody
4. — How many birds can you see in the tree?
— __________. All the birds have flown away.
A. None B. No one C. Nothing D. A few
5. — Is your father or mother a teachers?
— __________. My father is a doctor and my mother is an office worker.
A. Both B. Either C. Neither D. None
6. —Don't be angry with your kid when he makes a mistake again, will you?
—No. I won't. I know that ______of us are perfect after all.
A. none B. neither C. each D. all
VI. a great deal of, a great amount of, a large quantity of, a large number of
短语 | 中文解释 | 可修饰对象 | 例句 |
a great deal of | 不少，很多的 | 不可数名词 | The race gave every one a great deal of pleasure. |
a great amount of | 不少，很多的 | 不可数名词 | A great amount of money is spent on tobacco every year. |
a small/large quantity of | 不少，很多的 | 不可数名词/可数名词复数 | 1. The factory needs a large quantity of water. 2. There is only a small quantity of flowers left in the garden. |
a number of | 不少，很多的 | 可数名词复数 | A number of people came from all parts of the country to see the exhibition. |
I Choose the best answer.
1) — May I take this magazine out of the reading room?
— . Please read it here.
A. Certainly B. No, you needn't C. No, you can't D. No, you may not
2) Many of the stars because they are far away from us.
A. may not see B. cannot be seen C. mustn't be seen D. needn't see
3) — Who is the man over there? Is it Mr Li?
— No, it be him. Mr Li is much taller.
A. can't B. may not C. mustn't D. needn't
4) I have my own room in my house, so I do whatever I want in it.
A. must B. have to C. need to D. can
5) — I speak to Jill, Mrs Black?
— Sorry, she's not in. She be back after five.
A. May; need B. Can; may C. Can; must D. Must; may
6) — Would you like to go swimming with me this afternoon?
— I'd love to. But I'm afraid I . I have too much work to do.
A. can't B. mustn't C. needn't D. may not
7) — Could I borrow your dictionary?
— Yes, of course you .
A. might B. will C. can D. should
8) She didn't know where she find wild roses.
A. may B. could C. can D. is able
9) you pass me a pen? I'd like to write down the telephone number.
A. Need B. Could C. Must D. Should
10) — I fill in the check-in form right now, sir?
— No, you needn't. You can complete it this afternoon.
A. May B. Can C. Would D. Must
11) You be careful with fire when you have a picnic in the forest. It's too dangerous.
A. will B. must C. can D. may
12) It's a secret between you and me. You tell anyone about this.
A. must B. can C. mustn't D. needn't
13) The flowers every day, or they'll die.
A. must water B. can be watered C. should water D. must be watered
14) Alice has been in China for several years. She be a big girl now.
A. need B. must C. can D. may
15) I'm sorry. I go now. My father told me on the phone that my mother was ill.
A. can B. may C. have to D. think
KEYS: 1) D 2) B 3) C 4) D 5) B 6) A 7) C 8) B 9) B 10)D
11) B 12) C 13) D 14) B 15) C
