U4
1、必会词语
1、secretary n. 秘书
e.g. Alice is a secretary in a small company. 爱丽丝是一家小企业的秘书。
[复数形式] secretaries
[词性转换] secretary n. 秘书
secret n. 秘密
[对应训练]
The __________ __________
worker B. businesswoman C. secretary D. bank clerk
bank n. 银行 banker n. 银行家
bank robbery 银行打劫案
bank clerk 银行员工
3、policewoman n. 女警察
e.g. –What’s your mother’s job? 你母亲是做什么的？
-She is a policewoman. 她是一名女警察。
the police 指全体警察
[复数形式] policewomen
[反义词] policeman 男警察
[对应训练]
Look at those ladies! They are __________
__________ help make our city a safe place.
dentist n. 牙医
to see a doctor看牙医
5、postman n. 邮递员
[复数形式] postmen
[词性转换] post n. 邮件；职位
[对应训练]
I would like to be a __________ in the future.
Teddy's brother brings letter. He is a _________
policeman B. fireman C. postman D. milkman
6、person n. 人
e.g. He is just the person we need for the job. 他正是大家需要的做那种工作的人。
[辨析] person和people
person 是个体名词，有单复数
people 是集合名词，单复数同形，作为“民族”、“部落”或“种族”时是单数名词。
The people has a few people and they live in southwest of China.
这个民族人极少，他们居住在中国西南部。
teach v. teacher n. 老师
教 e.g. He taught me how to drive. 他教我开车。
以教书为生 e.g. She teaches at our local school. 她在大家这个区域的学校教书。
主张；倡导 e.g. Christ taught forgiveness. 基督教主张宽恕。
教育；训诫 e.g. It taught him a lesson he would never forget. 这给了他一个终身难忘的教训。
[对应训练]
Jane 's mother ________ English at school. She is an English __________
8、put out 扑灭
e.g. We must put out the fire quickly. 大家需要飞速灭火。
[容易见到短语] put oneself out <口语> 意为“虽对自己不便仍做某事”
e.g. She’s always ready to put herself out to help others. 她一直乐于舍己助人。
put sb out 使某人失去知觉 e.g. The thief put me out and stole my money.
贼打昏了我偷了我的钱。
发布，出版或广播某事物 e.g. They put out new books , but no one bought them.
他们出版了新书，但无人买。
[辨析] put out the fire与fight the fire
put out the fire 强调的是一种结果——火被扑灭，而fight the fire 强调的是一种过程——救火的过程。
[对应训练]
Firemen __________ fires.
put out B. puts out C. put off D. puts off
9、interview v. 采访 e.g. Mary is interviewing the Prime Minister of Britain. 玛丽正在采访英国首相。
面试 e.g. I have an interview this afternoon. 今天下午我有一个面试。
n. 面试；面议 e.g. I’ve got an interview with National Chemicals.
我已经获得了全国化学制品企业的邀约面试。
采访；交谈 e.g. I never give interviews. 我从不同意采访。
[记忆链接] interviewer n. 采访者；面试官
interviewee n. 面试者；受访者
10、find out 查明；弄清（状况）
[辨析] find out 与 find
find 表示“找到”，“偶然发现”或“发觉”；而find out 表示“挖空心思调查了解”或“弄了解”一件事情的真相。
[对应训练]
Kitty wants to __________ if Tom likes his job.
find B. look for C. find out D. look out
11、if conj. 是不是 e.g. He couldn’t tell if she was laughing. 他弄不了解她是不是在笑。
倘若；假如 e.g. If it is necessary I will come at six. 如有必要，我六点钟来。
[对应训练]
They are going to interview a scientist and they want to find out ________ he likes his job.
if B. that C. what D. when
10、finish v. 结束
[辨析] finish与complete
Complete表示重大工程的完工，finish则不能；finish后面可以跟doing和名词；但complete后面只能跟名词作宾语。
age n. 年龄
at the age of 在多大岁数的时候
训练：
Ⅱ. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms:
1. My mother uses_____ to cook the dishes.
2. Tom drives a taxi for living. He is a taxi_______.
3. We need to find two new ______ to type the letters.
4. Look! the ______ are catching fish.
5. Jack is a________. He runs a company.
6. ---_____you______ here this Saturday?
---No. I______ my teacher.
7. ---_______I_______ you a copy of today's newspaper?
---Thank you.
8. I am afraid there______ a meeting this afternoon. I can't join you.
9. Mike_____ this until he______ it with his own eyes.
10. Most of us don't think their team_____ .
2、必会词组
1. different jobs 不一样的职业
2. would like to be/become 想要成为……
3. a secretary 一名秘书
4. a bank clerk 一个银行员工
5. a policewoman 一个女警察
6. a dentist 一名牙医
7. a pilot 一名飞行员
8. a fireman 一个消防队员
9. a postman 一名邮递员
10. a shop assistant 一个商店营业员
11. teach children English 教孩子们英语
12. make sick people better 使患者好转
13. drive a bus 驾驶一辆公交车
14. put out fires 扑灭火
15. cook food for people 为大家烧食物
16. make our city a safe place 使大家的城市（成为）一个安全的地方
17. interview sb. 采访某人
18. find out 查明；弄清（状况）
19. stark work 开始工作
20. finish work 结束工作
21. in the morning/afternoon/evening 在早上/下午/晚上
22. Why not? 为何不呢？
训练：
Ⅰ. Choose the best answer:
1. Would you like_____ a teacher?
A. be B. do C. to be D. to do
2. He wants to be a cleaner, because he wants to make our city____.
A. cleaned B. to clean C. cleaning D. clean
3. What job____ the twins_____?
A. is; do B. does; do
C. are; do D. do; do
4. Her father is a ____ .He likes ____ very much.
A. cooker; cook B. cook; cooking
C. cook; cook D. cooking; cooker
5. Doctors can make sick people_____.
A. better B. well C. good D. best
6. He likes his_____ .He usually starts____ at 8:00 a.m.
A. job; job B. job; work
C. work; work D. work; job
7. My brother usually helps me____ my English.
A. on B. to C. doing D. with
8. I have finished______ this picture.
A. draw B. to draw C. drawing D. to drawing
9. ---I would like to be a dentist.
---That's _____ I would like to be.
A. why B. who C. what D. whose
10. ---____would you like to be a fireman?
----Because I want to help people.
A. Why B. What C. How D. When
11 .Firemen's job is to______ fires.
A. put on B. put out C. put in D. put off
12._____your father's job? He is a postman.
A. What B. What's C. How D. Which
13. She wants to _____ the truth.
A. look for B. look at C. find out D. find
14. Miss Wang teaches_____ English.
A. us B. our C. mine D. we
15. My parents usually buy some nice food____ me.
A. to B./ C. for D. of
1~5：CDDBA 6~10: BDCCA 11~15：BBCAC
3、必会要点
would like to do/be=want to do/be 想要做/想要成为
I would缩写为I'd； would not缩写为wouldn't，
比如， I would like to have coffee.我想要喝咖啡。 I would like fish.我想要鱼。
---- Would you like to be a driver?你想成为一名司机吗？
----Yes, I would./ No, I wouldn't.是的，我想。/不，我不想。
注意：like用作实意动词时翻译为“喜欢”
其使用方法是 l like to do sth. l like doing sth. l like sth.
比如，He likes to draw. / He likes drawing.他喜欢画画。
2. spend 花费
v spend in doing sth.花浪费时间间或资金做某事，in可以省略
v spend on sth.花浪费时间间或资金在某事或某物上，on不能省略，
比如，We often spend an hour doing our homework.
= We often spend an hour on our homework.
大家常常花费一小时做作业。
He spent 200 yuan on this coat yesterday.
3. --Why / Why not? 为何？/为何不？
--I would like to be a/an…, because… 我想成为...由于...
--I wouldn’t like t be a/an…, because… 我不想成为...由于...
4. teach children English 教孩子英语
teach sb. sth. 双宾语结构，sb. 和 sth. 都是teach的宾语，sb. 是间接宾语，sth. 是直接宾语，
假如直接宾语在前，需要加上介词，应该注意介词的搭配.
如：teach sth. to sb. 相同的结构还有，
buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb. 给某人买某物
give sb. sth. = give sth. to sb. 给某人某物
show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 给某人看某物
【注】teach后跟人称代词，接宾格。
teach them/us/me/him/her English
5. make sick people better 这里的make表示使...
使用方法有：make+ sb. / sth. +adj. 使...如何
例： make our city beautiful
make + sb./ sth. + n. 使...成为...
make our city a safe place
make + sb. / sth. + do sth. 使...做...
make people save water
【注1】这里的better是well的比较级，well只有用于表示身体情况时作形容词，表示身体情况好。
【注2】sick people 患者
6. want to make our city a safe place这里的safe是形容词，表示安全的。
动词save表示挽救，节省，如：save one’s life, save water 名词safety表示安全,
如：talk about the safety of students
7. put out fires 这里的put out表示扑灭，动词词组应该注意辨析，应该注意和put搭配的词组，也应该注意和out搭配的词组。
如： put on/put up/put off/find out/take out/look out
8. 辨析find out与find，前者表示经过一番努力调查了解、弄了解一件事情的真相，而后
者指找到、偶然发现、发觉。
9. She wants to find out if he likes his job. 这里的if表示是不是，引导宾语从句。
【注】if也可表示假如，引导条件状语从句。
如：We will have a picnic if it is fine tomorrow.
10. interview sb. 采访某人
11. forty-two years old 42岁
【注】forty-two-year-old 42岁的，为形容词，不可以用做表语
如：a seven-year-old boy 一个7岁的男生
He is seven years old. 他七岁。
12. start work at half past eight in the morning
这里的start work是表示抽象意义上的开始工作，就是上班，所以work前不加冠词，且work为不可数名词。
a) 在表示具体时间前用at，如：at ten o’clock
b) 表示在一天的上午，下午，傍晚前用in，
如：in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening
c) 表示在中午或晚上用at：at noon, at night
d) 但假如表示具体的某一天的上午或晚上要用on，
如：on the night of December 8, on a cold morning of October
13. start to do sth.=start doing sth. 开始做某事
如：My mother usually starts to cook food at five.
14. finish sth. 完成（做）某事
如：I have finished reading this book. 我已经读完这本书了。
训练：
Rewrite the following sentences as required:
1. I' d like to be __________ in the future.
What ______ you like to______ in the future?
2. She wouldn't like to be a teacher __________.
______ _______she like to be a teacher?
3. Kitty is __________
______ ______ is Kitty?
4. What is his father?
______ ______ ______ his father do?
5. My friend usually helps me learn English.
My friend usually helps me______ my English.
Ⅲ. Rewrite the following sentences as required
1.would be 2. Why wouldn't 3. How old 4. What jobs does 5. with
4、必会语法
情态动词
would
1）would like；would like to do = want to 想要，为固定搭配。比如：
Would you like to go with me? 想和我一块去吗？
2）Would you like…? 表示一定含义的请求劝说时，疑问句中一般用some, 而不是any。比如：
Would you like some cake? 吃点蛋糕吧。
而且句子中的would并非will的过去式，而是表示比will愈加委婉的语气
【考例】--Would you like __________ to the cinema with us?
--Yes, I’d love to.
go B. going C. to go D. went
[答案]C。
[分析] 此题考查would like的使用方法。Would like后加动词不定式to do，故选C
2. would rather表示"宁可"
would rather do
would rather not do
【考例】--What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?
--I would rather _______ at home than play football. It's too hot outside.
A. stay B. stay C. to stay D. to stay
[答案]：A。[分析]本题考查了would rather的固定短语的应用。译文为:萨姆，今天下午出去打球如何？和踢球相比，我宁可呆在家，外面太热。Would rather do A than do B和做B比起来，宁可做A。
3. need
这个词既可做实义动词用，又可做情态动词用。作为情态动词，只可以用于疑问句，否定句和条件句。need
作实义动词时后面的不定式需要带to
1） 实义动词：need（需要, 需要） need + n. / to do sth
2） 情态动词：need，只用原形need后加do，否定形式为need not。比如：
Need you go yet? 你要走了吗？
Yes, I must. / No, I needn't.是的，我要走了/不，不急着走。
【考例】Tony __________ worry about his marks.
doesn’t need B. needn’t C. need to D. needs
[答案]B
[分析] 此题考查情态动词need的否定使用方法。有横线后的worry动词判断可用needn’t do和don’t need to do两种形式。故选B
4. have to和must
1）两词都是'需要'的意思，have to 表示客观的需要，must 表示说话人主观上的怎么看，既主观上的必要。比如：
My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.弟弟病得非常厉害，我只得半夜里把大夫请来。（客观上需要做这件事）
He said that they must work hard. 他说他们需要努力工作。（主观上要做这件事）
2）have to有人称、数、时态的变化，而must只有一种形式。
He had to look after his sister yesterday. 他昨晚只得照顾他姐姐。
3）否定结构中：don't have to表示"不必"，mustn't表示"禁止"。比如：
You don't have to tell him about it.你未必要把此事告诉他。
You mustn't tell him about it.你不能把这件事告诉他。
【考例】--Must we finish giving out the posters today?
--Yes, we _______. It can't be put off any longer.
A. can B. may C. must D. have to
[答案]C。[分析] 此题考查情态动词的使用方法。回答由must引起的一般疑问句，其一定答语要用must，不可以用can或may。故选C。
训练：
1. You_____ go and see a doctor at once because you're got a fever.
A. can B. must C. may D. will
2. ---Shall I get one more cake for you, Dad?
---Thanks, but you______, I've had enough.
A. may not B. must not C. can't D. needn't
3. ______ I take this one?
A. May B. Will C. Are D. Do
4. The children______ play football on the road.
A. can't B. can C. mustn't D. must
5. You ______ be late for school again next time.
A. mustn't B. needn't C. don't have to D. don't need to
6. ---Must I do my homework at once?
---No, you______.
A. needn't B. mustn't C. can't D. may not
7. His arm is all right. He______ go and see the doctor.
A. has not to B. don't have to C. haven't to D. doesn't have to
8. Excuse me. _______ you please pass me that cup?
A. Do B. Should C. Would D. Must
9.--- Would you like to go boating with us?
---Yes, _______.
A. I'd like B. I want C. I'd like to D. I do
10. You_______ worry about your son. He will get well soon.
A. needn't B. can't C. mustn't D. have to
答案: BDACA ADCCA
缘由状语从句
1.定义：用表示缘由的连词连接一个句子作状语，如此的主从复合句就是缘由状语从句。
2.关系词: 主要的有because, as, since, for, seeing , now , considering ，in that等。
例句：
The woolly shrank because it was washed badly. 毛衣因洗得不能法而缩水。
I can’t get to sleep because of the noise outside. 因为外面声音嘈杂我睡不着。
Since [As] we’ve no money, we can’t buy it. 因为大家没钱，大家没办法购买它。
Seeing that it’s raining, we’d better stay indoors. 既然外边在下雨，大家最好待在室内。
Now that you are here, you’d better stay. 你既然来了，最好还是留下吧。
3.缘由状语从句的连接词
1: because
引导是什么原因状语从句一般放于主句之后， because表示直接缘由，语气最强，比较适合回答 why引导的疑问句。比如：
I do it because I like it. 我做这件事是由于我喜欢。
—Did you return Fred’s call?
—I didn’t need to ______________I’ll see him tomorrow.
A. though B. unless C. when D. because
【答案】D
【考试知识点】本题考查状语从句的引导词。
【分析】由于I’ll see him tomorrow是I didn’t need to是什么原因, 故该空格处用because表示缘由。
2: since
引导是什么原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的原因，较为正式，
语气比because弱。比如：
Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics.
既然今天你休息，你最好帮我补习数学。
注意：seeing ， now ， considering ， in that这几个词语与since引导是什么原因状语从句意思相近， 都表示“既然”。比如：
Seeing he refused to help us, there’s no reason that we should now help him. 他既然过去拒绝帮助大家，大家目前没理由要来帮助他。
Now you are grown up, you should not rely on your parents. 既然你长大了，就不应该依赖你的爸爸妈妈了。
Considering everybody is here, let’s begin our discussion. 既然大伙都到了，大家就开始讨论吧。
In that he is ill, he feels unable to do it. 由于有病，他感觉做不了那件事。
____ you’ve got a chance, you might as well make full use of it.
A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as
【答案】：A
【考试知识点】：缘由状语从句
【分析】：主句与从句之间存在因果关系， 且“you’ve got a chance”表示一个显而易见是什么原因， 因此应使用表缘由的now that。
3: as
引导缘由状语从句时表示附带说明的“双方已知是什么原因”，语气比since弱，较为正式，地方较为灵活。比如：
As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi. 既然在下雨，你最好乘出租汽车。
As you are tired, you had better rest. 既然累了，你最好休息一下。
I went to bed early, as I was exhausted. 我睡得早，由于我筋疲力尽了。
4: for
引导的是并列句表示缘由但并不说明主句行为发生的直接缘由，只提供一些辅助兴的补充说明，for引导的并列句只能放于主句之后并且需要用逗号将它与主句隔开。比如：
He could not have seen me, for I was not there. 他不可能见过我， 由于我不在那里。
A man cannot smile like a child, ____ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone.
A. so B. but C. and D. for
【答案】：D
【考试知识点】：缘由状语从句
【分析】：下划线处之后的句子补充说明“a man cannot smile like a child”是什么原因， 应使用for表缘由。
He found it increasingly difficult to read, ____ his eyesight was beginning to fail.
A. and B. for C. but D. or
【答案】：B
【考试知识点】：缘由状语从句
【分析】：“his eyesight was beginning to fail”是“he found it increasingly difficult to read”是什么原因， 因此本题应使用可以表示缘由的连词for引导缘由状语从句。
重难题常识辨析和概括
1:关于not…because结构
该结构中的否定词有时否定主句，有时否定从句，一般要依据句子的意思做出正确或合乎逻辑的理解。若not否定主句，最好在because之前用逗号，不然会引起歧义，如下句在没特定上下文时就有两种讲解：
I didn’t go because I was afraid. 我没去是由于怕。/ 我不是由于怕才去。
不过若because之前有just修饰，一般觉得not 是不是定从句的：
You shouldn’t get angry just because some people speak ill of you. 你不要由于有人说你坏话而生气。
2: because习惯上不与so连用
汉语习惯上说“由于…所以…”，但英语习惯上却不可以将 so与because 连用：
由于下雨，所以大家呆在家。
正：Because it was raining, we stayed at home. / It was raining, so we stayed at home.
误：Because it was raining, so we stayed at home.
3: because 从句与 because of短语的转换
Because引导是什么原因状语从句有时可与because of 短语转换，because of后加是什么原因可以为好或坏，但最合法的还是because。
He can’t come because he is ill.
He can’t come because of his illness. 他因病不可以来。
I said nothing about it because his wife was there.
I said nothing about it because of his wife’s being there. 由于他老婆在那儿，我对此事只字未提。
He didn't go to work __________ the heavy rain.
A .because B.because of C.so D.since
【答案】：B
【考试知识点】：缘由状语从句
【分析】：题干的意思是“ 因为那场大雨，他没去上班”，the heavy rain.表示缘由，排除C； since和because 表示缘由，后面跟的是从句，也就是说需要是一个完整的句子，本题中the heavy rain没主语和谓语，.只不过一个短语，所以排除A和C；because of表示“因为···”，后跟名词、代词或短语。
4：because, since, as, for和now that引导缘由状语从句有什么区别
1）because语势最强，表示不了解的缘由用because，即说话人觉得听话人不了解。因此because从句是全句非常重要的部分，一般被放置于主语之后。 当缘由是显而易见的或已为大家所知，就用as或 since。
I didn't go, because I was afraid.
Since /As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
2）for是并列连词，它引导的分句不表示直接是什么原因，而是用来附带讲解或说明前面一句的状况。for引导的分句常坐落于第一分句之后，它们之间用逗号隔开。
He is absent today, because / for he is ill.
He must be ill, for he is absent today.
It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet this morning.
3）since表示他们已经知道、无须加以说明是什么原因或事实，翻译为“既然”语气比because稍弱。
Since you're not interested, I won't tell you about it.
4）as表示的总是是十分明显是什么原因，听者或读者已经了解或能看得出来，语气较弱，只附带说明，比较口语化。
As he was not well enough, I had to go to the concert without him.
5）now that意为"既然"，与since同义，但更突出事实本身。
Now that everyone is here, let's begin our meeting.
5. seeing that, considering that和in that引导缘由状语从句有什么区别
这几个连词同since, as 近义，都有“鉴于某个事实，缘由是……”之意。
Considering that he's only been learning English a year, he speaks it very well.
Seeing that he was ill, they sent for the doctor.
训练：
1、填入适合的连词
1. I didn’t go to school yesterday _________ I was ill.
2. ________ everybody is here, let’s begin our meeting.
3. ________ you are in poor health, you should not stay up late.
4. I asked her to stay to tea, ________ I had something to tell her.
5. ________ all the passengers are here, why don’t we start at once?
6. Bill won’t make any progress ________ he doesn’t study harder than before.
7. He might have gone to bed, ________ the light went out.
8. ______ you do not understand, I will explain again.
9. ______ Jane was the oldest in this family, she had to look after the others.
10. He must be ill, ______ he is absent today.
11. The teacher must be strict with you ______they want you to make great progress.
12. _____your father is well again, you no longer have anything to worry about.
13. The day breaks, _____the birds are singing.
14. ______ you are ill, you’d better go to see the doctor.
15. ______ she was late for class, she had to say sorry.
2、 改写句子,维持句意不变
1) The ship changed its course because there was a storm.
The ship changed its course _______ _______ _______ _______.
2) Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.
He was ill, _______ he didn’t go to school.
3) He couldn't walk because his leg was broken.
He couldn't walk ______ ______ his ______ leg.
4) I came back because it was raining heavily.
I came back ______ ______ the ______ rain.
3、 选择适合的答案
1. The man can’t get on the bus ______ there is no room on it.
A. though B. because C. until D so that
2. ______ her daughter hadn’t come back, ______ she looked worried.
A. Because, / B. Because, so C. Though, but D. Though, /
3._______ you’ve got a chance, you might make full use of it.
A. Now that B. After C. Although D. As soon as
4. He found it difficult to read, _______ his eyesight was beginning to fail.
A. and B. for C. but D. or
5. A man cannot smile like a child, ________ a child smiles with his eyes, while a man smiles with his lips alone.
A. so B. but C. and D. for
1、1.because 2.Since 3.As 4.because 5.Since 6.because 7.for 8.since 9. As 10. for 11. because 12. Since 13. for 14. Since 15. As
2、1.because of the storm 2. so 3. because of broken 4. because of heavy
3、1.B 2.A 3.A 4.B 5.D
